Sulphur speciation and turnover in soils: evidence from sulphur K-edge XANES spectroscopy and isotope dilution studies

Zhao, Fang‐Jie; Lehmann, Johannes; Solomon, Daniel; Fox, M. A.; McGrath, Steve P.

doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.08.013

Cited by 78 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…A generally greater amount of reduced organic sulfur was also found in temperate forest soils (Prietzel et al, 2003) or wetlands (Jokic et al, 2003) than in well-drained agricultural soil (Solomon et al, 2003(Solomon et al, , 2005b. Forms of organic sulfur appear to react significantly to the oxygen environment, with the lowest degree of oxidation in submerged soils and the highest in agricultural soils (Zhao et al, 2006). yet these changes do not seem to occur over very short time frames as shown by aeration experiments (Hutchison et al, 2001).…”

Section: Composition Of Natural Organicmentioning

confidence: 97%

Synchrotron‐Based Near‐Edge X‐Ray Spectroscopy of Natural Organic Matter in Soils and Sediments

Lehmann

Solomon

Brandes

et al. 2009

Biophysico‐Chemical Processes Involving Natural Nonliving Organic Matter in Environmental Systems

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SyNCHROTRON-BASED NEAR-EDgE X-RAy SPECTROSCOPy discrete radii indexed by a principal quantum number n = 1,2,3 …, and discrete binding energies for single-electron atoms of E n = −E 0 Z 2 /n 2 , where Z is the atomic number and E 0 = 13.6 eV (see Figure 17.1). When the energy of incident photons is increased to match the binding energy of an electron, the photon absorption probability suddenly increases in what is called an X-ray absorption edge (step function in Figure 17.2, which is at about 290 eV for carbon), so that the electron is completely removed from the atom in an ionization event (absorption edges are also labeled figure 17.1. Atom in the Bohr model. The electrons surround the nucleus. An incoming photon can lift an electron to a not fully occupied, higher orbital or remove it entirely from the atom. Energy (eV)280 285 290 295 300 Normalized absorption Measured ModeledStep functionfigure 17.2. Carbon NEXAFS spectrum of NOM from the Suwannee River (IHSS standard humic acid mounted on indium foil; total electron yield using a dwell time of 200 msec and an exit slit of 50 µm, calibrated to CO at 287.38 eV, Canadian Light Source SgM beamline 11-ID.1) to show pre-edge features and the so-called "edge". The spectrum is deconvoluted using a series of gaussian curves (g) at energy positions of known transitions, along with a step function at the edge as described by .

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Section: Composition Of Natural Organicmentioning

confidence: 97%

Synchrotron‐Based Near‐Edge X‐Ray Spectroscopy of Natural Organic Matter in Soils and Sediments

Lehmann

Solomon

Brandes

et al. 2009

Biophysico‐Chemical Processes Involving Natural Nonliving Organic Matter in Environmental Systems

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“…O ver the last decade, S deficiency has been recognized as a constraint to crop production all over the world due to the reduction of atmospheric SO 2 emissions, the application of non-S-containing fertilizers, and the increase of crop yields (Kirchmann et al, 1996;Zhao et al, 2006). Previous studies have shown that application of organic manure cannot only significantly increase soil S content but also markedly affect the distribution of S species in soils (Yang et al, 2007;Förster et al, 2012).…”

Section: Sulfur Speciation In An Arable Soil As Affected By Sample Prmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prietzel et al (2009) investigated the effects of anoxic and oxic sample pretreatments on S speciation in undisturbed forest soils and observed distinct differences in the distribution of S species between anoxic freeze-dried and oxic oven-dried samples. Although some studies have acknowledged the influence of sample drying on S speciation in soils (Wieder et al, 1996;Prietzel et al, 2007), a number of researchers just adopted airdried (Solomon et al, 2005;Zhao et al, 2006;Solomon et al, 2011) or even over-dried (Hinckley et al, 2011) samples for S speciation analysis. To simulate real states of field soils, another pretreatment by remoistening air-dried soils and incubating for over 2 wk at room temperature (referred to "conditioning" hereafter) was adapted to minimize the effects of soil handling and preparation and to stabilize soil microbial activities (Ghani et al, 1992;Tan et al, 1994;Pamidi et al, 2001).…”

Section: Sulfur Speciation In An Arable Soil As Affected By Sample Prmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfur Speciation in an Arable Soil as Affected by Sample Pretreatments and Sewage Sludge Application

Luo

et al. 2014

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

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Sulfur speciation under the influence of sample pretreatment and sewage sludge (SS) application in a continuously SS-amended soil was assessed by wetchemical fractionation and S K-edge XANES spectroscopy. Distinct differences in S speciation among the following pretreatments including fresh, air-drying, anoxic freeze-drying, oven-drying, and conditioning (incubation at room temperature and 75% of water holding capacity for 2 wk) were detected in both topsoils and subsoils. Air-drying significantly increased available S content but decreased C-bonded S content in the soils compared with anoxic freeze-drying. Oven-drying and conditioning pretreatments showed a similar effect on S fractions to air-drying in the soils but to a lesser extent. X-ray adsorption nearedge structure analysis showed that both reduced and intermediate organic S tended to decrease while oxidized S obviously increased in the air-dried samples. In contrast, the conditioning pretreatment facilitated the transformation of intermediate S into reduced organic S. Continuous application of SS significantly increased total soil S, C-bonded S, and residual S contents but decreased available S content in the topsoil. Meanwhile, XANES analysis indicated that reduced organic S was markedly increased (over 50% of total S) in the SS-amended topsoil. No obvious effect of the application of SS on S speciation in the subsoil was observed except for the facilitated transportation of S into lower depth. Overall, our results suggest that anoxic atmospheres during the entire pretreatment process from sampling to drying, grinding, and analysis is crucial for the accurate speciation analysis of S in soils, and the anoxic freezedrying is, therefore, highly recommended.

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“…Based on the McGill and Cole (1981) model, we hypothesized that changes in S availability would be reflected in the balance between ester-bonded and C-bonded S. However, despite major changes in total soil S along the Franz Josef chronosequence, we detected relatively little variation in its chemical nature, particularly given the relatively large changes that have been observed following land use change (e.g., Solomon et al 2003Solomon et al , 2009Zhao et al 2006). Soil organic S at Franz Josef was dominated by C-bonded S, distributed approximately equally between highly reduced and intermediate oxidation states, although ester-bonded S accounted for a considerable proportion of the total organic S (30-40 %).…”

Section: Stable Sulfur Isotope Ratios Soil Dmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In contrast, biochemical mineralization involves the hydrolysis of ester bonds and is catalyzed by sulfatase enzymes released by microbes in response to a demand for S. The amount of C-bonded S in soil organic matter is therefore expected to vary in response to processes driving C oxidation in soil organic matter, whereas ester-bonded S is expected to vary in response to changes in the biological demand for S. Although some results support this hypothesis for S (e.g., Maynard et al 1984), it has not been widely tested. Indeed, it has been suggested that C-bonded S might be more dynamic than ester-bonded S, based on a decline in reduced S forms during land-use change (Solomon et al 2003;Zhao et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfur dynamics during long-term ecosystem development

et al. 2016

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Long-term soil and ecosystem development involves predictable changes in nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) availability and limitation, but far less is known about comparable changes in sulfur (S) despite its importance as an essential plant macronutrient and component of soil organic matter. We used a combination of elemental analysis, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, hydrolytic enzyme assays, and stable S isotope ratios to examine S in soil and leaf tissue along the 120,000-year Franz Josef chronosequence, New Zealand. Total soil S concentrations increased during the early stages of pedogenesis and then declined as soils aged. There was little variation in soil N:S ratios along the chronosequence other than in the youngest (5 year old) soil, although the carbon (C):S ratio increased markedly in the oldest soils and the P:S ratio decreased continuously along the chronosequence. Foliar S concentrations and N:S ratios varied widely among common plant species but did not change consistently with increasing soil age, although foliar P:S declined for several species in the older stages of the chronosequence. The chemical nature of soil organic S extracted from mineral and organic horizons and determined by S K-edge X-ray absorption nearedge fine-structure (XANES) spectroscopy was dominated by C-bonded S distributed approximately equally in highly-reduced and intermediate oxidation states, although ester-bonded S was also abundant throughout the chronosequence. Soil sulfatase activity expressed on a soil C basis was highest in young soils, indicating low S availability in the early stage of pedogenesis. Enzymatic C:S and N:S ratios varied little during ecosystem development, although the enzymatic P:S ratio increased continuously along the chronosequence. Stable S isotope ratios (d 34 S)Responsible Editor: Steven Perakis.Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article

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Sulphur speciation and turnover in soils: evidence from sulphur K-edge XANES spectroscopy and isotope dilution studies

Cited by 78 publications

References 31 publications

Synchrotron‐Based Near‐Edge X‐Ray Spectroscopy of Natural Organic Matter in Soils and Sediments

Synchrotron‐Based Near‐Edge X‐Ray Spectroscopy of Natural Organic Matter in Soils and Sediments

Sulfur Speciation in an Arable Soil as Affected by Sample Pretreatments and Sewage Sludge Application

Sulfur dynamics during long-term ecosystem development

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