Sulfur Tolerance of Selective Partial Oxidation of NO to NO2 in a Plasma

Penetrante, B.M.; Brusasco, Raymond M.; Merritt, B.T.; Vogtlin, G.E.

doi:10.4271/1999-01-3687

Cited by 28 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The presence of hydrocarbons is critical to the selective partial oxidation of NO to N0 2 in a plasma [8,16]. These hydrocarbons may be derived from the SOF or added to the exhaust.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility of Plasma Aftertreatment for Simultaneous Control of NOx and Particulates

Penetrante¹,

Brusasco²,

Merritt³

et al. 1999

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Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate SUPPLEMENTARY NOTESNo copyright is asserted in the United States under Title 17, U.S. code. The U.S. Government has a royalty-free license to exercise all rights under the copyright claimed herein for Government purposes. All other rights are reserved by the copyright owner. 12a. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENTApproved for public release: distribution is unlimited. 12b. DISTRIBUTION CODEA ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 Words)Plasma reactors can be operated as a paniculate trap or as a NO x converter. Particulate trapping in a plasma reactor can be accomplished by electrostatic precipitation. The soluble organic fraction of the trapped particulates can be utilized for the hydrocarbonenhanced oxidation of NO to N0 2 . The NO z can then be used to non-thermally oxidize the carbon fraction of the particulates. The oxidation of the carbon fraction by N0 2 can lead to reduction of NO x or backconversion of N0 2 to NO. This paper examines the hydrocarbon and electrical energy density requirements in a plasma for maximum NOx conversion in both heavy-duty and light-duty diesel engine exhaust. The energy density required for complete oxidation of hydrocarbons is also examined and shown to be much greater than that required for maximum NO x conversion. The reaction of N0 2 with carbon is shown to lead mainly to backconversion of N0 2 to NO. These results suggest that the combination of the plasma with a catalyst will be required to reduce the NO x and oxidize the hydrocarbons. The plasma reactor can be operated occasionally in the arc mode to thermally oxidize the carbon fraction of the particulates. SUBJECT TERMS ABSTRACTPlasma reactors can be operated as a paniculate trap or as a NO x converter. Particulate trapping in a plasma reactor can be accomplished by electrostatic precipitation. The soluble organic fraction of the trapped particulates can be utilized for the hydrocarbonenhanced oxidation of NO to N0 2 . The N0 2 can then be used to non-thermally oxidize the carbon fraction of the particulates. The oxidation of the carbon fraction by N0 2 can lead to reduction of NO x or backconversion of N0 2 to NO. This paper examines the hydrocarbon and electrical energy density requirements in a plasma for maximum NO x conversion in both heavy-duty and light-duty diesel engine exhaust. The energy density required for complete oxidation of hydrocarbons is also examined and shown to be much greater than that required for maximum NO x conversion. The reaction of N0 2 with carbon is shown to lead mainly to backconversion of N0 2 to NO. These results suggest...

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“…The presence of hydrocarbons is critical to the selective partial oxidation of NO to N0 2 in a plasma [8,16]. These hydrocarbons may be derived from the SOF or added to the exhaust.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility of Plasma Aftertreatment for Simultaneous Control of NOx and Particulates

Penetrante¹,

Brusasco²,

Merritt³

et al. 1999

Self Cite

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“…The plasma oxidizes NO to NO 2 , but does not oxidize SO 2 to SO 3 . This makes the plasma-assisted process more tolerant to the sulfur content of fuel compared to conventional lean-NO x technologies [24]. Furthermore, in a plasma, the hydrocarbons are converted to partially oxygenated hydrocarbons, but not completely oxidized to CO x and H 2 O.…”

Section: Plasma-assisted Catalytic Reduction Of No Xmentioning

confidence: 94%

Environmental applications of low-temperature plasmas

Penetrante¹,

Brusasco²,

Merritt³

et al. 1999

Pure and Applied Chemistry

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130

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Treatment of NO x in diesel engine exhaust represents a big opportunity for the environmental application of low-temperature plasmas. This paper discusses the effect of gas composition on the NO x conversion chemistry in a plasma. It is shown that the plasma by itself cannot chemically reduce NO x to N 2 in the highly oxidizing environment of a diesel engine exhaust. To implement the reduction of NO x to N 2 , it is necessary to combine the plasma with a heterogeneous process that can chemically reduce NO 2 to N 2 . Data is presented that demonstrates how the selective partial oxidation of NO to NO 2 in a plasma can be utilized to enhance the selective reduction of NO x to N 2 by a catalyst.

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“…The catalytic reduction efficiency of NO x with NTP was reported to be higher than without [16][17][18]. In the research of Wicke et al [19], Martin et al [20], Yoshihiko et al [21] and Suzanne et al [22], plasma processes were further proven to be effective for soot oxidation at low temperature in lean ambient conditions without any catalyst.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Temperature‐Programmed Oxidation of Soot in a Hybrid Catalysis‐Plasma System

Huang²,

Shangguan

2007

Chem Eng & Technol

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Non-thermal plasma (NTP) technology was applied to promote the temperatureprogrammed oxidation (TPO) of soot over a perovskites type of La 0.8 K 0.2 MnO 3 catalyst. The O radicals originating from the decomposition of O 2 , as well as NO dissociation if nitrogen oxide were involved, reduce the ignition temperatures of soot. In NO-O 2 -He, for example, the ignition temperature decreased to 240°C from 290°C as the voltage increased from 0 kV to 15 kV. The higher voltage also benefited the adsorption of NO molecules onto the catalyst surface (NO ad ). As a result, the maximum N 2 /NO ratio (conversion ratio of NO into N 2 ) rose from 23 % to 53 %. Some of the NO molecules were dissociated into N and O radicals in plasma, and hence, the N 2 /NO ratio was further enhanced due to the combination of N atoms. In any case, the redox process between NO x and soot proved to be important in soot oxidation.

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Sulfur Tolerance of Selective Partial Oxidation of NO to NO2 in a Plasma

Cited by 28 publications

References 28 publications

Feasibility of Plasma Aftertreatment for Simultaneous Control of NOx and Particulates

Feasibility of Plasma Aftertreatment for Simultaneous Control of NOx and Particulates

Environmental applications of low-temperature plasmas

Temperature‐Programmed Oxidation of Soot in a Hybrid Catalysis‐Plasma System

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