Sulfur, sulfides, oxides and organic matter aggregated in submarine hydrothermal plumes at 9°50′N East Pacific Rise

Breier, J. A.; Toner, Brandy M.; Fakra, Sirine C.; Marcus, Matthew A.; White, Sheri N.; Thurnherr, Andreas M.; German, Christopher R.

doi:10.1016/j.gca.2012.04.003

Cited by 85 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…Despite the growing interest for OM in the ocean and hydrothermal systems there is still a major lack in identification and quantification of organic compounds [10][11][12][13][14][15]. Notably numbers of studies agree on the major ligand role of organics in metal stabilisation, transportation, bioavailability, and ore-forming but there are hardly any clues on the nature of these ligands in hydrothermal environments [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. Organic compounds in hydrothermal fluids may come from marine dissolved organic matter (DOM) recycling [12,13], subsurface biomass degradation [26], entrainment of organic detritus from local recharge zones, and subsequent degradation, or abiotic formation in the deep subsurface [27][28][29][30].…”

Section: Geofluidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic, Gas, and Element Geochemistry of Hydrothermal Fluids of the Newly Discovered Extensive Hydrothermal Area in the Wallis and Futuna Region (SW Pacific)

et al. 2018

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Two newly discovered hydrothermal vent fields of the Wallis and Futuna region, Kulo Lasi and Fatu Kapa, were sampled for fluid geochemistry. A great geochemical diversity was observed and assigned to the diversity of lithologies as well as the occurrence of various processes. Kulo Lasi fluids likely formed by interaction with fresh volcanic rocks, phase separation, and mixing with magmatic fluid. Conversely, the geochemistry of the Fatu Kapa fluids would be mostly due to water/felsic lavas reactions. In terms of organic geochemistry, fluids from both fields were found to be enriched in formate, acetate, and semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs): n-alkanes, n-fatty acids, and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Concentrations of SVOCs reached a few ppb at most. The distribution patterns of SVOCs indicated that several processes and sources, at once of biogenic, thermogenic, and abiogenic types, likely controlled organic geochemistry. Although the contribution of each process remains unknown, the mere presence of organics at the M level has strong implications for metal dispersion (cycles), deposition (ore-forming), and bioavailability (ecosystems), especially as our fluxes estimations suggest that back-arc hosted vent fields could contribute as much as MOR to the global ocean heat and mass budget.

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Section: Geofluidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic, Gas, and Element Geochemistry of Hydrothermal Fluids of the Newly Discovered Extensive Hydrothermal Area in the Wallis and Futuna Region (SW Pacific)

et al. 2018

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“…Both nirK and cbbM have been identified in PV-1 as well as in other uncharacterized strains of Zetaproteobacteria (16,57). Arsenic species have been associated with Fe(III) iron-oxyhydroxides, such as those formed by Zetaproteobacteria at Lo 'ihi, in both shallow and deep-sea hydrothermal vent systems (61)(62)(63). The rTCA cycle gene aclB did not cluster with any other qPCR variable (arsC, nifH, nirK, or cbbM).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Quantitative PCR Analysis of Functional Genes in Iron-Rich Microbial Mats at an Active Hydrothermal Vent System (Lō'ihi Seamount, Hawai'i)

Jesser

Fullerton

Hager

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The chemolithotrophic Zetaproteobacteria represent a novel class of Proteobacteria which oxidize Fe(II) to Fe(III) and are the dominant bacterial population in iron-rich microbial mats. Zetaproteobacteria were first discovered at Lo 'ihi Seamount, located 35 km southeast off the big island of Hawai'i, which is characterized by low-temperature diffuse hydrothermal venting. Novel nondegenerate quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays for genes associated with microbial nitrogen fixation, denitrification, arsenic detoxification, Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB), and reductive tricarboxylic acid (rTCA) cycles were developed using selected microbial mat community-derived metagenomes. Nitrogen fixation genes were not detected, but all other functional genes were present. This suggests that arsenic detoxification and denitrification processes are likely cooccurring in addition to two modes of carbon fixation. Two groups of microbial mat community types were identified by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) and were further described based on qPCR data for zetaproteobacterial abundance and carbon fixation mode preference. qPCR variance was associated with mat morphology but not with temperature or sample site. Geochemistry data were significantly associated with sample site and mat morphology. Together, these qPCR assays constitute a functional gene signature for iron microbial mat communities across a broad array of temperatures, mat types, chemistries, and sampling sites at Lo 'ihi Seamount. Deep-sea hydrothermal vents are dynamic and extremely productive biological ecosystems supported by chemosynthetic microbial primary production. In the absence of photosynthesis, microorganisms derive energy via the oxidation of reduced chemicals [e.g., H 2 , H 2 S, Fe(II), and CH 4 ] emitted in hydrothermal fluids (1). In contrast to other strategies for microbial chemosynthesis at hydrothermal vents, iron oxidation has only more recently been studied (2). By weight, iron is the most abundant element in the earth, and it has vast potential as an energy source for microbes via chemolithoautotrophy coupled to Fe(II) oxidation (3). However, iron's ability to act as an electron donor for the biotic fixation of CO 2 in neutrophilic environments is limited by the rapid abiotic oxidation of Fe(II) to Fe(III) in the presence of oxygen (4, 5). Despite the ephemeral nature of iron as an energy source, iron-oxidizing bacteria (FeOB) have been identified in a wide array of freshwater and marine habitats and can flourish at circumneutral deep-sea vents with sharp redox gradients and hydrothermal fluids high in CO 2 and reduced iron (6-9). The recently described Zetaproteobacteria represent a novel class of marine Proteobacteria that are diverse and abundant contributors to deep-sea FeOB communities (10).Zetaproteobacteria were first discovered at iron-rich, low-temperature hydrothermal vents at Lo 'ihi Seamount, HI (2, 11), and have been demonstrated to be significant microbial colonizers of seamounts (10, 12). Lo 'ihi Seamount is a s...

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“…The chemistry of nearby seawater is defined to represent 'typical' deep-sea water. Initial plume chemistry is prescribed using an existing reaction-path model (Breier et al, 2012;Anantharaman et al, 2014), which accounts for the rapid abiotic precipitation of minerals and chemical speciation in the vicinity of the chimney that results from the mixing of vent fluid (Mottl et al, 2011;Flores et al, 2012) and background seawater (Supplementary Table S3); details of this model for the A1 vent are described in Anantharaman et al (2014).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting the response of the deep-ocean microbiome to geochemical perturbations by hydrothermal vents

et al. 2015

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Submarine hydrothermal vents perturb the deep-ocean microbiome by injecting reduced chemical species into the water column that act as an energy source for chemosynthetic organisms. These systems thus provide excellent natural laboratories for studying the response of microbial communities to shifts in marine geochemistry. The present study explores the processes that regulate coupled microbial-geochemical dynamics in hydrothermal plumes by means of a novel mathematical model, which combines thermodynamics, growth and reaction kinetics, and transport processes derived from a fluid dynamics model. Simulations of a plume located in the ABE vent field of the Lau basin were able to reproduce metagenomic observations well and demonstrated that the magnitude of primary production and rate of autotrophic growth are largely regulated by the energetics of metabolisms and the availability of electron donors, as opposed to kinetic parameters. Ambient seawater was the dominant source of microbes to the plume and sulphur oxidisers constituted almost 90% of the modelled community in the neutrally-buoyant plume. Data from drifters deployed in the region allowed the different time scales of metabolisms to be cast in a spatial context, which demonstrated spatial succession in the microbial community. While growth was shown to occur over distances of tens of kilometers, microbes persisted over hundreds of kilometers. Given that high-temperature hydrothermal systems are found less than 100 km apart on average, plumes may act as important vectors between different vent fields and other environments that are hospitable to similar organisms, such as oil spills and oxygen minimum zones.

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Sulfur, sulfides, oxides and organic matter aggregated in submarine hydrothermal plumes at 9°50′N East Pacific Rise

Cited by 85 publications

References 110 publications

Organic, Gas, and Element Geochemistry of Hydrothermal Fluids of the Newly Discovered Extensive Hydrothermal Area in the Wallis and Futuna Region (SW Pacific)

Organic, Gas, and Element Geochemistry of Hydrothermal Fluids of the Newly Discovered Extensive Hydrothermal Area in the Wallis and Futuna Region (SW Pacific)

Quantitative PCR Analysis of Functional Genes in Iron-Rich Microbial Mats at an Active Hydrothermal Vent System (Lō'ihi Seamount, Hawai'i)

Predicting the response of the deep-ocean microbiome to geochemical perturbations by hydrothermal vents

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