Sulfur speciation monitored in situ with solid state gold amalgam voltammetric microelectrodes: polysulfides as a special case in sediments, microbial mats and hydrothermal vent waters

Luther, George W.; Glazer, Brian T.; Hohmann, Laura; Popp, Jeannette I.; Taillefert, Martial; Rozan, Tim F.; Brendel, Paul J.; Theberge, Stephen M.; Nuzzio, Donald B.

doi:10.1039/b006499h

Cited by 134 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Furthermore, the genome encodes a membrane-bound polysulfide reductase, which may enable the strain to use polysulfide as an alternative electron acceptor (e.g., for the oxidation of H 2 or formate, as described for Nautilia profundicola and Wolinella succinogenes) (25,26). Polysulfides have been shown to be important sulfur species in the oxicanoxic interfaces of diverse systems (27).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome and physiology of a model Epsilonproteobacterium responsible for sulfide detoxification in marine oxygen depletion zones

Grote

Schott

Brückner

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

135

237

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Eutrophication and global climate change lead to expansion of hypoxia in the ocean, often accompanied by the production of hydrogen sulfide, which is toxic to higher organisms. Chemoautotrophic bacteria are thought to buffer against increased sulfide concentrations by oxidizing hydrogen sulfide before its diffusion to oxygenated surface waters. Model organisms from such environments have not been readily available, which has contributed to a poor understanding of these microbes. We present here a detailed study of "Sulfurimonas gotlandica" str. GD1, an Epsilonproteobacterium isolated from the Baltic Sea oxic-anoxic interface, where it plays a key role in nitrogen and sulfur cycling. Whole-genome analysis and laboratory experiments revealed a high metabolic flexibility, suggesting a considerable capacity for adaptation to variable redox conditions. S. gotlandica str. GD1 was shown to grow chemolithoautotrophically by coupling denitrification with oxidation of reduced sulfur compounds and dark CO 2 fixation. Metabolic versatility was further suggested by the use of a range of different electron donors and acceptors and organic carbon sources. The number of genes involved in signal transduction and metabolic pathways exceeds those of other Epsilonproteobacteria. Oxygen tolerance and environmental-sensing systems combined with chemotactic responses enable this organism to thrive successfully in marine oxygen-depletion zones. We propose that S. gotlandica str. GD1 will serve as a model organism in investigations that will lead to a better understanding how members of the Epsilonproteobacteria are able to cope with water column anoxia and the role these microorganisms play in the detoxification of sulfidic waters. marine bacteria | sulfide oxidation | isolation | genomics

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome and physiology of a model Epsilonproteobacterium responsible for sulfide detoxification in marine oxygen depletion zones

Grote

Schott

Brückner

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

135

237

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“…For example, additional insights into sulfur cycling can be gleaned from studies using microelectrodes that distinguish various sulfur species (Luther et al 2001). Alternatively, rather than the one-dimensional microelectrode approach, planar optodes have been developed to measure oxygen, pH, and sulfide in two dimensions in marine sediments (Choi 1998;Glud et al 2001;Hluth et al 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Submillimeter life positions of bacteria, protists, and metazoans in laminated sedimentsof the Santa Barbara Basin

Bernhard

Visscher

Bowser

2003

Limnology & Oceanography

121

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To provide insights into the biogeochemistry of environments where steep chemical gradients place anaerobes, microaerophiles, and aerobes in close proximity, it might be necessary to survey biotic distributions on scales that are not possible using conventional ecological approaches. To overcome such limitations, we adapted sedimentological and cell biological methods to examine the life positions of microbes within sediments. This fluorescently labeled embedded core (FLEC) technique was used to survey the submillimeter distributions of eukaryotic nanobiota and meiofauna, plus co-occurring prokaryotes, inhabiting laminated sediments of the bathyal Santa Barbara Basin (SBB; 34Њ13ЈN, 120Њ02ЈW). Although SBB sediments were vertically structured on the scale of millimeters (i.e., as laminae), and microelectrode profiles suggested vertically distinct oxygenated and anoxic-sulfidic layers, the distributions of aerobes, microaerophiles, and sulfide-tolerant anaerobes were not concomitantly structured. Unprecedented associations were observed among microorganisms. For example, relatively deep in the sediments, where high sulfide concentrations were expected, flagellates were intimately associated with Beggiatoa. Ciliates were typically solitary, whereas flagellates were often aggregated in nearly monomorphotypic swarms of Ͼ3 ϫ 10 4 mm Ϫ3 . Such aggregations could significantly affect geochemical pore-water processes at scales Ͻ1 l. Our observations indicate that a mosaic of chemically heterogeneous microhabitats exist in both vertical and horizontal dimensions, suggesting that biogeochemical processes in the SBB are more complex than predictions based on standard biotic assessments and microelectrode profiling.Conventional methods used to study nano-, meio-and macrofauna, such as sieving or density gradient extractions, obliterate the life positions of benthic organisms. Consequently, little is known about their subcentimeter-scale spatial distributions. This information is crucial to understanding the biotic and physicochemical interactions in sediments, particularly those with steep pore-water gradients. Within the surface centimeter in such settings, for example, conditions can range from oxygen depletion to anoxia, with or without sulfide enrichment (e.g., Jørgensen 1988).1 Corresponding author (joan.bernhard@sc.edu). AcknowledgmentsAssistance from the following is gratefully acknowledged: the captain and crew of the RV Robert Gordon Sproul, as well as the resident technicians of Scripps Institution of Oceanography; all members of the 1998 and 1999 cruises' scientific parties (especially Ellen Braun-Howland, Dennis Bazylinski, Brad Dubbels, Annette Dean, Shelly Hoeft, and Dan Rogers); Sam McGee-Russell for introducing us to hot knife microtomy, Sara Meyers, Brenda Famolaro, Kat Benson, and Adam Meyer for help in adapting the technique; Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute for bathymetric data; Jim Barry for construction of the baseline map; Tom Chandler for LSCM access, and two anonymous reviewers for th...

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“…Electron flow resulting from redox half-reactions at a 100 mm diameter tip is registered as a current that is proportional to concentration (Skoog et al, 1998;Taillefert and Rozan, 2002 (Luther et al, 1991(Luther et al, , 2001Xu et al, 1998;Taillefert et al, 2000;Druschel et al, 2003Druschel et al, , 2004Glazer et al, 2004Glazer et al, , 2006. Voltammetric analyses of dissolved sulfur, iron and other species in the field were accomplished using a DLK-60 potentiostat powered with a 12 V battery and controlled with a GETAC ruggedized computer.…”

Section: Microelectrode Voltammetrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Niche differentiation among sulfur-oxidizing bacterial populations in cave waters

et al. 2008

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The sulfidic Frasassi cave system affords a unique opportunity to investigate niche relationships among sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, including epsilonproteobacterial clades with no cultivated representatives. Oxygen and sulfide concentrations in the cave waters range over more than two orders of magnitude as a result of seasonally and spatially variable dilution of the sulfidic groundwater. A full-cycle rRNA approach was used to quantify dominant populations in biofilms collected in both diluted and undiluted zones. Sulfide concentration profiles within biofilms were obtained in situ using microelectrode voltammetry. Populations in rock-attached streamers depended on the sulfide/oxygen supply ratio of bulk water (r ¼ 0.97; Po0.0001). Filamentous epsilonproteobacteria dominated at high sulfide to oxygen ratios (4150), whereas Thiothrix dominated at low ratios (o75). In contrast, Beggiatoa was the dominant group in biofilms at the sediment-water interface regardless of sulfide and oxygen concentrations or supply ratio. Our results highlight the versatility and ecological success of Beggiatoa in diffusion-controlled niches, and demonstrate that high sulfide/oxygen ratios in turbulent water are important for the growth of filamentous epsilonproteobacteria.

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Sulfur speciation monitored in situ with solid state gold amalgam voltammetric microelectrodes: polysulfides as a special case in sediments, microbial mats and hydrothermal vent waters

Cited by 134 publications

References 30 publications

Genome and physiology of a model Epsilonproteobacterium responsible for sulfide detoxification in marine oxygen depletion zones

Genome and physiology of a model Epsilonproteobacterium responsible for sulfide detoxification in marine oxygen depletion zones

Submillimeter life positions of bacteria, protists, and metazoans in laminated sedimentsof the Santa Barbara Basin

Niche differentiation among sulfur-oxidizing bacterial populations in cave waters

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