Sulfur sources in protein supplements for ruminants

Abstract

-The present study evaluates the efficiency of different sulfur sources for ruminant nutrition. The fiber digestibility and the amino acid profile were analyzed in the duodenal digesta of crossbred steers fed Brachiaria dictyoneura hay. The sources utilized were elemental sulfur (ES70S), elemental sulfur (ES98S); calcium sulfate in hydrated (HCS), CaSO4.2H 2 O, and anhydrous (ACS), CaSO 4 , forms; and ammonium sulfate (AS), (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , keeping a nitrogen:sulfur ratio of 11:1. The iso-protein supplements had 50% of protein in the total dry matter (DM). Five Holstein × Zebu steers, which were fistulated in the rumen and abomasum, were distributed in a 5 × 5 Latin square. The different sulfur sources in the supplement did not affect any of the evaluated nutritional factors, such as intake of hay dry matter and protein supplement, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein (NDFap), organic matter (OM), non-fibrous carbohydrate (NFC), ether extract (EE), total digestible nutrients (TDN), NDFap and CP digestibility coefficients, ruminal pH, and ruminal ammonia concentration. The concentrations of amino acids available in the abomasal digesta did not differ significantly in the tested diets. The sulfur sources evaluated in the present study are suitable as supplement for cattle, and their employment may be important to avoid environmental contaminations.

Effect of Sulfur and Urea Fortification of Fresh Cassava Root in Fermented Total Mixed Ration on the Improvement Milk Quality of Tropical Lactating Cows

“…Different microorganisms use elemental sulfur as an electron acceptor; therefore, the reduced forms of sulfur (sulfite and sulfide) are a metabolic end product of fermentation from these microorganisms [41]. This could be because the non-protein nitrogen utilization is increased by high levels of sulfur in the rumen fluid, indicating microbial growth [5]. Furthermore, propionic acid increased by 4.6% when diets were supplemented by 2.5% sulfur (p < 0.01).…”

“…In ruminants, it is dangerous and usually will cause death when an animal receives HCN at a concentration of 1000 ppm (dry matter [DM] basis) [4]. Sulfur can be fed directly in the diet; microbial use of sulfur-containing amino acids synthesis is essential for maximum microbial growth and DM digestibility and can reduce the concentration of HCN [5].…”

Effect of Detoxified Nano Sulfur Supplementation on the Growth, Nutrient Digestibility, Meat Quality, Excreta Microbes, Gas Emissions, and Blood Profiles of Broilers

“… Silva et al (2014) mentioned that sulfur is an important component of sulfur-containing amino acids used by microbes in microbial digestion. We found that sulfur had a positive effect on the Lactobacillus population, which may have partly increased microbial digestion and, consequently, increase feed intake.…”

Effect of Early Shearing on The Nutritional Metabolism, Growth Performance and Carcass Traits of Barki Lambs تأثير الجز المبکر على التمثيل الغذائي وکفاءة النمو وصفات الذبيحة في الحملان البرقي

“…The significance positive nitrogen and sulfur retention indicates high correlation between them under the condition of the present experiment. Silva et al (2014) reported that the presence of sulfur in sheep diet affect directly on feed intake because the synthesis of sulfur-containing amino acids (S-AA) is essential for the maximum microbial growth in the rumen and consequently, DM digestibility. They added that, the N/S ratio in the rumen microbial proteins is 14.5:1, and a sulfur deficiency in sheep diet causes low microbial fermentation and reduces the utilization of lactate by the rumen bacteria, resulting in its accumulation.…”

“…sulfur thus improves the microbial digestion of cellulose and thus contributes to amino acid synthesis in particular methionine and cysteine. Many species of the rumen bacteria need sulfur which can be obtained by several ways (Silva et al, 2014). Some microorganisms are able to convert inorganic sulfur sources into sulfide and incorporating this compound to the amino acids, while others use organic sulfur only (Durand and Komisarczuk, 1988).…”