Sulfur self-doped char with high specific capacitance derived from waste tire: Effects of pyrolysis temperature

Ren, Qiangqiang; Wu, Ziyue; Su, Sheng; He, Limo; Wang, Yi; Jiang, Long

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140193

Cited by 47 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The raw material (WT) was purchased from Sichuan Huayi Rubber Company and cut into about 40 mesh. The proximate and element analysis results of WT were shown in our previous work [16]. Firstly, heating WT (ca.…”

Section: Activation Treatment Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…As a result, it would be much promising to easily treat WTCs and achieve higher-valued applications. Expectedly, it has been proved by us that high content of intrinsic sulfur can effectively dope in the char structure and promote its specific capacitance by activation treatment process with assistance of K 2 FeO 4 [16,17]. However, in our previous works, we mainly focused on the effects of pyrolysis temperature [16] and activation conditions (activation temperature and K 2 FeO 4 additive ratio) [17] on the final products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Expectedly, it has been proved by us that high content of intrinsic sulfur can effectively dope in the char structure and promote its specific capacitance by activation treatment process with assistance of K 2 FeO 4 [16,17]. However, in our previous works, we mainly focused on the effects of pyrolysis temperature [16] and activation conditions (activation temperature and K 2 FeO 4 additive ratio) [17] on the final products. Besides, so far, there have been many published works studying the carbon material structures and specific capacitance performances [18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the specific capacitance performances of carbon materials are strongly related with their physical and chemical structures [21,22]. Moreover, the structures would strongly be affected by activation treatment process based on our previous studies [16,17]. As for physical structures, textural properties are basically involved, and they consist of specific surface area, pore volume, and average pore diameter [23][24][25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The chemical structures can be jointly described by the carbon skeleton structure and heteroatoms doping structures. Complexly, doped sulfur is composed by sulphide bridge (-C-S-C-, S 2p 3/2 ) and sulphone bridge (-C-SOx-C-(x = 2−4), S 2p 5/2 ) respectively [16,17,27]. Therefore, the structural parameters are multitudinous, which jointly decide the specific capacitance performances of product carbon materials [12,19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Waste Tire Heat Treatment to Prepare Sulfur Self-Doped Char: Operando Insight into Activation Mechanisms Based on the Char Structures Evolution

Ren

et al. 2021

Processes

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Waste tire (WT) can be heat-treated to be high-quality sulfur self-doped char via pyrolysis and K2FeO4-assisted activation processes. This work aimed at further studying the activation mechanisms based on the char structures evolution by operando experimental method. Activation treatment process (from 50 °C to 800 °C and then held for 3 h) was divided into six typical stages (S1–S6) and consisted of carbonization process (S1–S4) and effective activation process (S4–S6). During the carbonization process, the specific capacitance only increased from 0.2 F/g to 12.4 F/g, aromatic ring systems and alkyl-aryl C-C bonds generated, S 2p3/2 (sulphide bridge) was mainly gradually consumed. During the effective activation process, the specific capacitance hugely increased from 12.4 F/g to 112.5 F/g, aromatic ring systems and alkyl-aryl C-C bonds turned to ordered graphitic char. The pores massively generated from S4 to S5, while micropores partly formed to larger and mesopores+macropores fractionally converting to smaller from S5 to S6. Besides, both S 2p3/2 and S 2p5/2 (sulphone bridge) were enriched after S5. Furthermore, the key structural parameters for huge improvement of specific capacitance were found and it further revealed that mesopores+macropores possessed stronger promotion effect than micropores and S 2p3/2 was more beneficial than S 2p5/2.

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Section: Activation Treatment Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Waste Tire Heat Treatment to Prepare Sulfur Self-Doped Char: Operando Insight into Activation Mechanisms Based on the Char Structures Evolution

Ren

et al. 2021

Processes

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Utilization of carbon‐black industry waste to synthesize electrode material for supercapacitors

Singh,

Srivastava,

Janowska

2024

Energy Storage

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Solid waste utilization in synthesizing porous carbon materials for supercapacitor electrodes has been a fast‐progressing research domain in past decades. Different types of agricultural and industrial waste have the potential to act as a precursor supply for carbon with porous structures. In this study, the waste generated from a furnace‐grade conductive carbon black manufacturing industry was utilized to synthesize porous carbon through pyrolysis at 400°C for 2 hours, followed by chemical activation at 800°C for 1 hour. Different activating agents, precisely, potassium hydroxide, orthophosphoric acid, and zinc chloride, were used. Similar activation conditions as well as the mass ratio of activating agent to sample (4:1), were maintained to make a comparative study. All three samples were then tested in a three‐electrode set‐up through cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for their performance as electrode material for supercapacitors with a mass loading of 4.0 mg/cm2 in 1 M Na2SO4 electrolyte. The largest specific capacitance was obtained for the KOH‐activated sample, that is, 21.3 F/g, followed by 17.9 F/g for H3PO4 activated sample and 13.7 F/g for the ZnCl2‐activated sample, at a scan rate of 50 mV/s. Though the obtained capacitance is much smaller for its practical application, the study acts as a base for further modifications and upgrades to utilize this high carbon‐containing waste in energy storage.

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Recycling of Waste Rubbers into Value-Added Products

Pandey

Karakoti

Tatrari

et al. 2021

Composites Science and Technology

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Sulfur self-doped char with high specific capacitance derived from waste tire: Effects of pyrolysis temperature

Cited by 47 publications

References 42 publications

Waste Tire Heat Treatment to Prepare Sulfur Self-Doped Char: Operando Insight into Activation Mechanisms Based on the Char Structures Evolution

Waste Tire Heat Treatment to Prepare Sulfur Self-Doped Char: Operando Insight into Activation Mechanisms Based on the Char Structures Evolution

Utilization of carbon‐black industry waste to synthesize electrode material for supercapacitors

Recycling of Waste Rubbers into Value-Added Products

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