Sulfur-Modified Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanostructures as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for Water Oxidation

Kale, Vinayak S.; Sim, Uk; Yang, Jiwoong; Jin, Kyoungsuk; Chae, Sue In; Chang, Woo Je; Sinha, Arun K.; Ha, Heonjin; Hwang, Choongyu; An, Junghyun; Hong, Hyo-Ki; Lee, Zonghoon; Nam, Ki Tae; Hyeon, Taeghwan

doi:10.1002/smll.201603893

Cited by 54 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Sulfur-modified g-C 3 N 4 , reported by Kale et al [3], has shown excellent catalytic properties due to minimization of the activation energy for the OER. Inspired by melamine nanogeodes (MNG), the group synthesized the g-C 3 N 4 nanostructure from MNG powder, which was obtained through a simple hydrothermal process with melamine.…”

Section: Graphitic Carbon Nitridementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Water electrolysis, an efficient and clean technology used for the generation of high-purity hydrogen, also shows excellent adaptability. Solar-powered water splitting systems are developed through the engagement of photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical systems that effectively convert incident solar energy into chemical bonds by using light-absorbing materials [1][2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This additional potential is called overpotential (η) [5]. Many studies have been conducted with the aim of finding suitable electrocatalysts that could significantly decrease this overpotential and promote the reaction rate so as to enhance the total cell efficiency [2,3]. Numerous semiconductor materials have exhibited the capability to split water under solar irradiation [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low Dimensional Carbon-Based Catalysts for Efficient Photocatalytic and Photo/Electrochemical Water Splitting Reactions

et al. 2019

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A universal increase in energy consumption and the dependency on fossil fuels have resulted in increasing severity of global warming, thus necessitating the search of new and environment-friendly energy sources. Hydrogen is as one of the energy sources that can resolve the abovementioned problems. Water splitting promotes ecofriendly hydrogen production without the formation of any greenhouse gas. The most common process for hydrogen production is electrolysis, wherein water molecules are separated into hydrogen and oxygen through electrochemical reactions. Solar-energy-induced chemical reactions, including photocatalysis and photoelectrochemistry, have gained considerable attention because of the simplicity of their procedures and use of solar radiation as the energy source. To improve performance of water splitting reactions, the use of catalysts has been widely investigated. For example, the novel-metal catalysts possessing extremely high catalytic properties for various reactions have been considered. However, due to the rarity and high costs of the novel-metal materials, the catalysts were considered unsuitable for universal use. Although other transition-metal-based materials have also been investigated, carbon-based materials, which are obtained from one of the most common elements on Earth, have potential as low-cost, nontoxic, high-performance catalysts for both photo and electrochemical reactions. Because abundancy, simplicity of synthesis routes, and excellent performance are the important factors for catalysts, easy optimization and many variations are possible in carbon-materials, making them more attractive. In particular, low-dimensional carbon materials, such as graphene and graphitic carbon nitride, exhibit excellent performance because of their unique electrical, mechanical, and catalytic properties. In this mini-review, we will discuss the performance of low-dimensional carbon-based materials for water splitting reactions.

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Section: Graphitic Carbon Nitridementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low Dimensional Carbon-Based Catalysts for Efficient Photocatalytic and Photo/Electrochemical Water Splitting Reactions

et al. 2019

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“…In addition, heteroatom doping can enhance the surface, electronic, and catalytic properties of carbon nanomaterials via charge redistribution and/or formation of new energy states . The doping, substitution, modification, or combination of heteroatoms such as N, B, S, and P, in carbon nanomaterials have been extensively studied for many important energy‐related applications. In particular, codoping, i.e., doping with more than one type of heteroatom, can impart synergistic effects and improved performance compared to materials doped with only a single kind of heteroatom .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microporosity‐Controlled Synthesis of Heteroatom Codoped Carbon Nanocages by Wrap‐Bake‐Sublime Approach for Flexible All‐Solid‐State‐Supercapacitors

Kale

Hwang

Chang

et al. 2018

Adv Funct Materials

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Heteroatom-doped carbon nanomaterials with high surface area and tunable microporosity are important but they generally require difficult and multistep syntheses. Herein, a simple and straightforward strategy is introduced that involves a wrap-bake-sublime approach to synthesize microporosity controlled and heteroatom codoped carbon nanocages. A zinc-containing zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-8) core is wrapped in a cross-linked oligomer containing nitrogen and phosphorus, oligo(cyclotriphosphazene-co-hexahydroxytriphenylene) (OCHT). Assynthesized core-shell ZIF-8-OCHT nanoparticles are baked at high temperatures to sublimate zinc through OCHT shell, resulting in a porous structure. Meanwhile, hollow cavities are introduced into N,P codoped carbon nanocages (NPCNs) via the sacrificial nature of ZIF-8 template. The microporosity is finely tuned by controlling thickness of the OCHT shell during synthesis of the core-shell nanoparticles, since the sublimation tendency of zinc component at high temperatures depends on the thickness of OCHT shell. A systematic correlation between the electrochemical performance of NPCNs and their microporosity is confirmed. Furthermore, the electrochemical performance of the NPCNs is related to the degree of heteroatom codoping. The approach is successfully scaled-up without compromising their electrochemical performance. Finally, a symmetric and flexible all-solid-state-supercapacitor with high energy and power density, and a long-term cycleability is demonstrated (75% capacitance retention after 20 000 cycles).

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“…The water splitting system gives the impression to be a sensational renewable and clean energy resources to replace the use of limited fossil fuels . The water splitting systems are strongly dependent on the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER),, where the operational efficiencies of OER and HER reactions are explicitly dependent on their catalysts. Ruthenium or iridium‐based noble metals are being used as effective electrocatalysts for OER and noble platinum‐based electrodes are involved for HER catalysts .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon‐Enriched Cobalt Phosphide with Assorted Nanostructure as a Multifunctional Electrode for Energy Conversion and Storage Devices

et al. 2018

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A single‐step hydrothermal technique is applied to prepare cobalt phosphide with multifarious nanostructures to signify its multifunctional capabilities. The prepared electrodes were intensely analysed for both the energy conversion and energy storage systems. The acquired Co−P with the assorted morphology of scaffolds and spherical of Co2P/C electrode inspires with a significantly lower oxygen evolution reaction (OER) (271 mV()η10 ) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) (207 mV()η10 ) overpotentials to accelerate progressive electrocatalytic activity. Additionally, the energy storage capacity was revealed with the Co2P electrode delivering an enriched specific capacity (322 C g−1 at 1 A g−1) in conjunction with noteworthy rate capability (83%) and durable cycling stability (10000 cycles). Overall, an aqueous supercapattery device (Co2P/C∥AC) was fabricated providing superior energy density (35 Wh kg−1) and an improved power density (5333 W kg−1). The assembled water splitting system demanded a low cell voltage of 1.63 V to afford a high current density of 10 mA cm−2. Moreover, the fabricated Co2P/C∥AC supercapattery coupled with the assembled water splitting system, to promote a supercapattery driven water splitting system profoundly proving the Co2P propensity of handling the multifunctional challenges in terms of both storage and conversion aspects.

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Sulfur-Modified Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanostructures as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for Water Oxidation

Cited by 54 publications

References 74 publications

Low Dimensional Carbon-Based Catalysts for Efficient Photocatalytic and Photo/Electrochemical Water Splitting Reactions

Low Dimensional Carbon-Based Catalysts for Efficient Photocatalytic and Photo/Electrochemical Water Splitting Reactions

Microporosity‐Controlled Synthesis of Heteroatom Codoped Carbon Nanocages by Wrap‐Bake‐Sublime Approach for Flexible All‐Solid‐State‐Supercapacitors

Carbon‐Enriched Cobalt Phosphide with Assorted Nanostructure as a Multifunctional Electrode for Energy Conversion and Storage Devices

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