Sulfur Metabolism in the Extreme Acidophile Acidithiobacillus Caldus

Mangold, Stefanie; Valdés, Jorge Hernández; Holmes, David S.; Dopson, Mark

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2011.00017

Cited by 129 publications

(137 citation statements)

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“…Oxidation of S 0 by A. ferrooxidans under aerobic conditions is thought to be mediated by heterodisulfide reductase (Hdr), which is predicted to be an inner membraneanchored protein with its active site in the cytoplasm (20,35). S 0 is poorly soluble in water, so the likely substrate for Hdr is the sul- fane-sulfur compound glutathione persulfide (GSSH), which contains a disulfide bond that has been proposed to be cleaved by Hdr to produce SO 3 2Ϫ and glutathione (GSH) (44,45).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Proteomic analysis of total soluble protein and outer membrane-enriched fractions was carried out as described previously (35). This method enriches for outer membrane proteins but is not com-patible with inner membrane proteins.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Coomassiestained gels were analyzed with image analysis software (Melanie, version 7.03; Genebio). The criteria used to identify protein spot intensities were defined by Mangold et al (35). For analysis of the cytoplasmic proteins, all spots detected were taken into account.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…S2 in the supplemental material). Proteins were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (35). Peptide mass fingerprints were searched against a local database containing the genome sequence of A. ferrooxidans ATCC 23270 T using the Mascot search engine, allowing 2 missed cleavages and a peptide tolerance of 50 ppm (36).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anaerobic Sulfur Metabolism Coupled to Dissimilatory Iron Reduction in the Extremophile Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans

Osório

Mangold

Denis

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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130

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Gene transcription (microarrays) and protein levels (proteomics) were compared in cultures of the acidophilic chemolithotroph Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans grown on elemental sulfur as the electron donor under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, using either molecular oxygen or ferric iron as the electron acceptor, respectively. No evidence supporting the role of either tetrathionate hydrolase or arsenic reductase in mediating the transfer of electrons to ferric iron (as suggested by previous studies) was obtained. In addition, no novel ferric iron reductase was identified. However, data suggested that sulfur was disproportionated under anaerobic conditions, forming hydrogen sulfide via sulfur reductase and sulfate via heterodisulfide reductase and ATP sulfurylase. Supporting physiological evidence for H 2 S production came from the observation that soluble Cu 2؉ included in anaerobically incubated cultures was precipitated (seemingly as CuS). Since H 2 S reduces ferric iron to ferrous in acidic medium, its production under anaerobic conditions indicates that anaerobic iron reduction is mediated, at least in part, by an indirect mechanism. Evidence was obtained for an alternative model implicating the transfer of electrons from S 0 to Fe 3؉ via a respiratory chain that includes a bc 1 complex and a cytochrome c. Central carbon pathways were upregulated under aerobic conditions, correlating with higher growth rates, while many Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle components were upregulated during anaerobic growth, probably as a result of more limited access to carbon dioxide. These results are important for understanding the role of A. ferrooxidans in environmental biogeochemical metal cycling and in industrial bioleaching operations.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anaerobic Sulfur Metabolism Coupled to Dissimilatory Iron Reduction in the Extremophile Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans

Osório

Mangold

Denis

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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130

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“…A suite of genes potentially encoding ISC metabolizing enzymes were identified (also present in other acidithiobacilli), including tetrathionate hydrolase (tth), sulfide quinone reductase (sqr), and thiosulfate quinone oxidoreductase (doxD). However, in contrast to sequenced A. ferrooxidans strains, A. ferrivorans SS3 contains genes potentially encoding the sulfur oxidation complex SOX (soxYZ-hypB) and a sulfur oxygenase:reductase gene (sor) similar to those in Acidithiobacillus caldus (10,12 (1). Genes potentially encoding trehalose biosynthesis that are not present in the other sequenced acidithiobacilli and that could help in conferring psychrotolerance were identified (6).…”

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Draft Genome of the Psychrotolerant Acidophile Acidithiobacillus ferrivorans SS3

et al. 2011

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Acidithiobacillus ferrivorans SS3 is a psychrotolerant acidophile capable of growth in the range of 5°to 30°C (optimum, Ϸ25°C). It gains energy from the oxidation of ferrous iron and inorganic sulfur compounds and obtains organic carbon from carbon dioxide. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of A. ferrivorans SS3 that will permit investigation of genes involved in growth in acidic environments at low temperatures.Psychrotolerant acidophiles from the Acidithiobacillus genus constitute a new species, Acidithiobacillus ferrivorans (4). This sequenced strain, A. ferrivorans SS3 (originally named Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans SS3), was isolated from Norilsk, Russia, and was noted for its growth and oxidation of ferrous iron and inorganic sulfur compounds (ISCs) at low temperatures (2,7,8). Strains of A. ferrivorans catalyze low-temperature metal solubilization in the biotechnological process "bioleaching," and it is the dominant species during complex multi-metal sulfide mineral dissolution at 7°C (2). In addition, a mixed culture dominated by A. ferrivorans is being investigated for low-temperature ISC removal from mining process waters (9).DNA preparation, genome sequencing, and draft assembly. A. ferrivorans SS3 was colony streaked 3 times on agarose plates (5), and a single colony was inoculated into pH 2.5 mineral salts medium (3) and incubated at 6°C. Cells were pretreated with 200 g proteinase K ml Ϫ1 in Tris buffer for 10 min at 50°C and lysed with 2% (wt/vol) sodium dodecyl sulfate. High-quality DNA was prepared and then checked via the genomic DNA QC protocol (http://my.jgi.doe.gov/general/). Libraries were constructed for 454 (standard libraries sequenced to ϳ10-fold coverage) and Illumina draft sequencing (ϳ50-fold coverage). Finally, 454 paired-end libraries were constructed with a nominal insert size of 8 kb (sequenced to ϳ15-fold sequence depth). Gene prediction and annotation was performed as described previously (11,12).Genome analysis. The A. ferrivorans SS3 draft genome is 3,152,659 bp distributed in 61 contigs (Ն10 reads and Ն2 kbp), with an average coverage of 30-fold. The sequence has a GC content of 56.5% and, according to the JGI sequence annotation pipeline, contains 3,257 candidate protein-encoding gene models. The genome exhibits genes potentially encoding CO 2 fixation by the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle, rus and petI operons involved in iron oxidation, genes for assimilatory sulfur reduction, and a complete repertoire of genes for nitrogen metabolism. A suite of genes potentially encoding ISC metabolizing enzymes were identified (also present in other acidithiobacilli), including tetrathionate hydrolase (tth), sulfide quinone reductase (sqr), and thiosulfate quinone oxidoreductase (doxD). However, in contrast to sequenced A. ferrooxidans strains, A. ferrivorans SS3 contains genes potentially encoding the sulfur oxidation complex SOX (soxYZ-hypB) and a sulfur oxygenase:reductase gene (sor) similar to those in Acidithiobacillus caldus (10, 12). Unexpectedly, a full set of genes is p...

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Bioleaching of Minerals by Acidophile Microorganisms

Parada¹,

Bobadilla-Fazzini²

2014

Encyclopedia of Industrial Biotechnology

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In this article, we review the state of the art in the field of bioleaching applications for sulfide minerals, including beneficiation of copper, nickel, zinc, cobalt, uranium, and pyrite bearing gold and silver. A special emphasis is given to the specific acidophile microorganisms participating in the process, with insights into their particular physiology and also into the industrial applications being reported to date, such as dump and heap bioleaching, and stirred‐tank bioleaching. Some challenges are presented, such as declining mineral ore grade, proper control of operational parameters, adequate microbial supply, water and energy management, and effective integration of multidisciplinary teams to understand and solve complex technical problems.

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Sulfur Metabolism in the Extreme Acidophile Acidithiobacillus Caldus

Cited by 129 publications

References 76 publications

Anaerobic Sulfur Metabolism Coupled to Dissimilatory Iron Reduction in the Extremophile Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans

Anaerobic Sulfur Metabolism Coupled to Dissimilatory Iron Reduction in the Extremophile Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans

Draft Genome of the Psychrotolerant Acidophile Acidithiobacillus ferrivorans SS3

Bioleaching of Minerals by Acidophile Microorganisms

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