Sulfur: its clinical and toxicologic aspects

Komarnisky, Lioudmila A; Christopherson, R. J.; Basu, Tapan K.

doi:10.1016/s0899-9007(02)00833-x

Cited by 163 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Because of its high solubility, SO 2 irritates primarily the upper airway. The nasal mucosa effectively removes most inspired SO 2 during breathing at rest, but deep penetration to the lung mucosa can occur during moderate exercise, such as walking, and one of the physiologic responses to SO 2 exposure is mild bronchial constriction (Komarnisky et al, 2003;Wigington, 2002). While in Santa Maria humidity is low and there are no active volcanic manifestations, in Furnas humidity is higher and volcanic gas emissions are very common, even inside many of the houses, making easier for respiratory tissues to soak up hazardous gases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chronic exposure to volcanic environments and chronic bronchitis incidence in the Azores, Portugal

Amaral

Rodrigues

2007

Environmental Research

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The village of Furnas, like other active volcanic areas in the world, exhibits high levels of hazardous gases. We aimed to investigate the existence of a possible association between chronic exposure to volcanic sulfur gases and chronic bronchitis. To investigate this, we used two populations, one exposed to active manifestations of volcanism (Furnas) and another from an area where no volcanic activity took place for over three million years (Santa Maria), both in the Azores. We used data on the incidence of chronic bronchitis among both populations (1991)(1992)(1993)(1994)(1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001), obtained from the records of each local health center, and population denominators from censuses carried out in 1991 and 2001, using five age-groups. We also estimated relative risks and mean annual age-standardized rates of chronic bronchitis incidence. Incidence rates were extremely higher in the volcanically active area for both sexes, and especially in the youngest groups. Accordingly, the risk of chronic bronchitis for the people living in the volcanically active area was extremely higher (males RR ¼ 3.99; females RR ¼ 10.74) when compared to those living in the volcanically inactive area. Comparison of chronic bronchitis incidence rates between both populations suggests an association between this disease and the chronic exposure to the volcanically active environment, with all its hazardous gases like hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide. These findings may help health officials to better advice people inhabiting volcanic areas, or others with high levels of sulfur gases, on how to prevent and minimize the risks of chronic bronchitis. r

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On contact with moist membranes, SO 2 forms sulfuric acid, which is responsible for severe irritant effects on the eyes, mucous membranes, and skin. Sulfuric acid also depresses pulmonary particle clearance, the major protective mechanism in lungs (Williams-Jones and Rymer, 2000;Kikuchi, 2001;Komarnisky et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic exposure to volcanic environments and chronic bronchitis incidence in the Azores, Portugal

Amaral

Rodrigues

2007

Environmental Research

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“…Besides, it is indirectly responsible for mobilization of phytotoxic chemicals, such as aluminium and some trace elements (Komarnisky et al 2003).…”

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confidence: 99%

The effect of different rates and forms of sulphur applied on changes of soil agrochemical properties

Skwierawska¹,

Zawartka²,

Zawadzki³

2008

Plant Soil Environ.

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A three-year field experiment was conducted from 2000 to 2002 in North-East Poland. Each year three sulphur fertilization rates in the form of sulphate (S-SO 4 2-) and pure (S-S 0 ) sulphur were applied: 40, 80 and 120 kg/ha. In the soil horizon at the depth of 0-40 cm the triple rate of S-SO 4 2-and S-S 0 depressed soil reaction. Acidification of soil caused by S-SO 4 2-became evident already in the first year of the study while that resulting from S-S 0 application appeared as late as in the third year. The effect of sulphur on soil in the 40-80 cm horizon was irregular. As the sulphur rates increased and the duration of the experiment progressed, sulphates accumulated in soil. In the 0-40 cm soil layer, the increasing rates of sulphur tended to increase the content of N-NH 4 + . In most objects, the NPK + S fertilization, and especially the single S-SO 4 2-treatment, caused an increase in N-NO 3 -in both soil layers compared with the NPK fertilized object. The dose of 120 kg/ha S-SO 4 2-caused a significant increase in the concentration of available phosphorus in soil in the 0-40 and 40-80 cm layers.

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“…Sulphur is a major inorganic element, essential for the entire biological kingdom because of its incorporation into amino acids, proteins, enzymes, vitamins, and other biomolecules (Castellano and Dick, 1991;Jedlovská and Feszterová, 2004;Johnson, 1984;Komarnisky, Christopherson and Basu, 2003). Unlike humans and monogastric animals, plants can use inorganic sulphur and synthesize sulphur-containing amino acids such as methionine and cysteine (Baker, 1977).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The quality of sulphur selected fractions in soil from Nature Reserve Žitavský Luh

Feszterová¹,

Jedlovská²

2014

Acta fytotechn. zootechn.

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; in 0.00-0.10 m). The environment protection and ecological measures oriented to decrease of discharged sulphur compounds caused the fall of the supply of sulphur. The deficit of sulphur is one of the limiting factors for vegetal production.Keywords: soil type, fractions of sulphur, sulphur dynamics, Nature reserve Žitavský Luh -37 -Acta fytotechn. zootechn., 17, 2014(2): 36-43 Melánia Feszterová, Lýdia Jedlovská: The quality of sulphur selected fractions in soil from Nature reserve Žitavský Luh

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Sulfur: its clinical and toxicologic aspects

Cited by 163 publications

References 59 publications

Chronic exposure to volcanic environments and chronic bronchitis incidence in the Azores, Portugal

Chronic exposure to volcanic environments and chronic bronchitis incidence in the Azores, Portugal

The effect of different rates and forms of sulphur applied on changes of soil agrochemical properties

The quality of sulphur selected fractions in soil from Nature Reserve Žitavský Luh

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