Sulfur emissions to the atmosphere from natural sourees

Abstract

Emissions of sulfur gases from both natural and anthropogenic sources strongly influence the chemistry of the atmosphere. To assess the relative importance of these sources we have combined the measurements of sulfur gases and fluxes during the past decade to create a global emission inventory. The inventory, which is divided into 12 latitude belts, takes into account the seasonal dependence of sulfur emissions from biogenic sources. The total emissions of sulfur gases from natural sources are approximately 0.79 Tmol S/a. These emissions are 16% of the total sulfur emissions in the Northern Hemisphere and 58% in the Southern Hemisphere. The inventory clearly shows the impact of anthropogenic sulfur emissions in the region between 35 ° and 50°N.

Assessment of the dehydration‐greenhouse feedback over the Arctic during February 1990

“…Emission of sea-salt aerosols is calculated following a function developed by Gong et al (1997a). Natural sources of sulfate (DMS and H 2 S) are provided by dataset of Bates et al (1992) for DMS and by Kettle et al (1999) for H 2 S. Anthropogenic emission of sulfur dioxide and sulfate (SO 2 and SO 4 −2 ) is from the Global Emission Inventory Activity (GEIA) 1985 (Benkovitz et al, 1996). Seasonal emission rate on two levels is considered in the dataset.…”

Effect of wave boundary layer on sea-to-air dimethylsulfide transfer velocity during typhoon passage

“…The dominant natural source of sulfur to the atmosphere is the oceanic dimethylsulfide (DMS) (Bates et al, 1992;Gondwe et al, 2003). In the atmosphere, DMS is oxidized to sulfuric and methanesulfonic acids which condense to form new aerosol particles and/or to add mass to existing particles.…”

An isotopic study of atmospheric sulphur at three sites in Wales and at Mace Head, Eire

“…Estimates of natural emissions to the atmosphere in the northern hemisphere show that volcanic sulphur may be as large a source as marine biogenic emissions [Bates et al, 1992]. However, the only source directly adjacent to the North Atlantic and therefore likely to impinge on Wales or Eire is Iceland.…”