Sulfur doped reduced graphene oxide as metal-free catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction in anion and proton exchange fuel cells

Klingele, Matthias; Pham, Chuyen Van; Vuyyuru, Koteswara Rao; Britton, Benjamin; Holdcroft, Steven; Fischer, Anna; Thiele, Simon

doi:10.1016/j.elecom.2017.02.015

Cited by 78 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The outer walls of CNTs were opened to form nanoribbons of graphene and the length of the tube was shortened, leading to a significant change in the morphology of O‐DCNTs compared to pristine CNTs, as shown in Figure and Figure S1 (Supporting Information). O‐DCNTs were converted into sulfur‐doped DCNT (S‐DCNT150) by refluxing with P 4 S 10 in dimethylformamide (DMF) at 150 °C, according to our previous reports . The morphology of S‐DCNT150 is similar to O‐DCNTs as shown in Figure b.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Doped, Defect‐Enriched Carbon Nanotubes as an Efficient Oxygen Reduction Catalyst for Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Pham

Britton

Böhm

et al. 2018

Adv Materials Inter

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Bond polarization of doped atoms and carbon and lattice defects are considered important aspects in the catalytic mechanisms of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on heteroatom‐doped carbon catalysts. Previous work on metal‐free catalysts has focused either on bond polarization or lattice defects. Here multi‐heteroatom doped defect‐enriched carbon nanotubes (MH‐DCNTs) that combine both effects to enhance ORR activity are designed. Lattice defects in MH‐DCNTs are enriched by unzipping and length‐shortening of carbon nanotubes, and also by creating carbon vacancies via decomposition of doped F atoms. Electrochemical analysis using rotating disc electrode voltammetry shows that the ORR kinetic current density of MH‐DCNT increases with lattice‐defect density, the latter of which is verified by Raman spectroscopy, while the onset potential increases with annealing temperatures. An optimized MH‐DCNT ORR catalyst exhibits a half‐wave potential of 0.81 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode and limiting current density of 5.0 mA cm−2 at an electrode rotation speed of 1600 rpm in 0.1 m KOH. Further, it is demonstrated that MH‐DCNT, as a cathode catalyst layer in an anion exchange membrane fuel cell (AEMFC), delivers a peak power density of 250 mW cm−2, which is ≈70% the performance of an AEMFC using a conventional Pt/C catalyst.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Doped, Defect‐Enriched Carbon Nanotubes as an Efficient Oxygen Reduction Catalyst for Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Pham

Britton

Böhm

et al. 2018

Adv Materials Inter

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“…Atomic force microscopy (AFM) study shows that the flakes have a thickness of about 1 nm and a lateral size ranging from hundreds of nanometers to several micrometers, as shown in Figure a. GO was then doped with sulfur and simultaneously reduced by refluxing with phosphorus pentasulfide at 150 °C in DMF using a procedure from our previous work to form S‐doped rGO (SrGO150) . X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis reveals the elemental composition of SrGO150 comprising of 80.53 at % C, 1.65 at % S, 1.66 at % N, and 16.15 at % O, as shown in Figure S1, supporting information (SI).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

[Mo₃S₁₃]²⁻ Cluster Decorated Sulfur‐doped Reduced Graphene Oxide as Noble Metal‐Free Catalyst for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Electrolyzers

et al. 2018

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Non‐noble metal catalysts represent a central direction of seminal scientific research in electrocatalysis due to the high cost and scarcity of present Pt‐based catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in particular. Here, we develop a novel hybrid material of [Mo3S13]2− clusters decorated sulfur doped reduced graphene oxide (Mo3S13‐SrGO) as a HER catalyst for water electrolyzers. Doped S elements act as anchor points for [Mo3S13]2− cluster attachment via forming doped S−Mo coordinate bonds, which increase stability of the hybrid catalyst as well as contribute additional active sites for the HER. SrGO supports substantially enhance the activity of the hybrid catalyst, maintaining high catalyst utilization at high loading. In standard electrochemical tests, the Mo3S13‐SrGO catalyst exhibits a Tafel slope of about 40 mV per decade and a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at 174 mV overpotential, which are significantly better than those exhibited by unsupported [Mo3S13]2− clusters with a Tafel slope of 53 mV per decade and an overpotential of 244 mV at 10 mA cm−2. Further, the hybrid catalyst exhibits a good working stability in acidic media. In the form of nanostructured powder, Mo3S13‐SrGO can be readily processed into porous electrodes for practical applications using standard manufacturing technologies.

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“…In recent years, graphene has extensively been used for fabrication of various materials such as optoelectronics , fuel cells , electronics , solar cells , energy storage and conversion (supercapacitors) , and sensors/biosensors because of its excellent physical and chemical properties: high surface area , strong mechanical strength , and good thermal and electric conductivity .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Enzymatic Glucose Biosensor and Nonenzymatic Hydrogen Peroxide Sensor Based on (3‐Aminopropyl) Triethoxysilane Functionalized Reduced Graphene Oxide

2017

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In the present study, a novel enzymatic glucose biosensor using glucose oxidase (GOx) immobilized into (3‐aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) functionalized reduced graphene oxide (rGO‐APTES) and hydrogen peroxide sensor based on rGO‐APTES modified glassy carbon (GC) electrode were fabricated. Nafion (Nf) was used as a protective membrane. For the characterization of the composites, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray powder diffractometer (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used. The electrochemical properties of the modified electrodes were investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and amperometry. The resulting Nf/rGO‐APTES/GOx/GC and Nf/rGO‐APTES/GC composites showed good electrocatalytical activity toward glucose and H2O2, respectively. The Nf/rGO‐APTES/GC electrode exhibited a linear range of H2O2 concentration from 0.05 to 15.25 mM with a detection limit (LOD) of 0.017 mM and sensitivity of 124.87 μA mM−1 cm−2. The Nf/rGO‐APTES/GOx/GC electrode showed a linear range of glucose from 0.02 to 4.340 mM with a LOD of 9 μM and sensitivity of 75.26 μA mM−1 cm−2. Also, the sensor and biosensor had notable selectivity, repeatability, reproducibility, and storage stability.

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Sulfur doped reduced graphene oxide as metal-free catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction in anion and proton exchange fuel cells

Cited by 78 publications

References 30 publications

Doped, Defect‐Enriched Carbon Nanotubes as an Efficient Oxygen Reduction Catalyst for Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Doped, Defect‐Enriched Carbon Nanotubes as an Efficient Oxygen Reduction Catalyst for Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

[Mo₃S₁₃]²⁻ Cluster Decorated Sulfur‐doped Reduced Graphene Oxide as Noble Metal‐Free Catalyst for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Electrolyzers

A Novel Enzymatic Glucose Biosensor and Nonenzymatic Hydrogen Peroxide Sensor Based on (3‐Aminopropyl) Triethoxysilane Functionalized Reduced Graphene Oxide

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Sulfur doped reduced graphene oxide as metal-free catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction in anion and proton exchange fuel cells

Cited by 78 publications

References 30 publications

Doped, Defect‐Enriched Carbon Nanotubes as an Efficient Oxygen Reduction Catalyst for Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Doped, Defect‐Enriched Carbon Nanotubes as an Efficient Oxygen Reduction Catalyst for Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

[Mo3S13]2− Cluster Decorated Sulfur‐doped Reduced Graphene Oxide as Noble Metal‐Free Catalyst for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Electrolyzers

A Novel Enzymatic Glucose Biosensor and Nonenzymatic Hydrogen Peroxide Sensor Based on (3‐Aminopropyl) Triethoxysilane Functionalized Reduced Graphene Oxide

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[Mo₃S₁₃]²⁻ Cluster Decorated Sulfur‐doped Reduced Graphene Oxide as Noble Metal‐Free Catalyst for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Electrolyzers