The high expense associated with electrocatalysts poses
a challenge
to the advancement of a hydrogen-based energy economy. The utilization
of nonprecious metal-based electrocatalysts that are easily prepared
and cost-effective is imperative for the future sustainability of
a hydrogen society. The semiconductive MoO3–x
has been identified as a promising nonprecious electrocatalyst
for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Nevertheless, enhancing
its relatively low electrocatalytic activity toward HER remains a
top priority. This study illustrates the manipulation of surface ammonium
ions (NH4
+) to produce uniform and distinct
cobalt nanoparticles (Co NPs) on active MoO3–x
supports, resulting in a more effective heterostructured composite
electrocatalyst for HER. The presence of NH4
+ ions in the MoO3–x
film was extensively
examined using infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,
and UV–visible colorimetric techniques. Additionally, the firmly
attached NH4
+ ions were employed as binding
sites to precipitate Co-containing complex ions. Due to the monolayer-like
adsorption of NH4
+ ions, only a small quantity
of Co precipitate was formed, which was subsequently electrochemically
transformed into Co atoms that diffused and created well-separated
uniform metallic Co nanoparticles (with an average size of less than
10 nm) on the MoO3–x
film. The
resulting heterostructure displays a 4.5-fold increase in current
density for HER compared to the MoO3–x
electrocatalyst through electrochemical assessments. The enhanced
catalytic activity was ascribed to the optimized adsorption/desorption
of the species involved in water reduction at the heterointerfaces
and improved charge transfer rates. These nanoheterostructures hold
great promise for a variety of applications in heterogeneous electrocatalysis,
while the novel approach could potentially direct the creation of
more heterostructures.