Sulfur Dioxide-Ethanol-Water Pulping of Hardwoods

Westmoreland, Ronald A.; Jefcoat, Irvin A.

doi:10.1080/00986449108910877

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The solvent pulping process using sulfur dioxide-ethanol-water (40 to 65%) (SEW) (Schorning 1957;Westmoreland and Jefcoat 1991) has been supported by the American Process Inc. Researchers at Alto University (Herbert Sixta) and the University of Maine (Adriaan van Heiningen) and investigated quite extensively during the past decade.…”

Section: Organosolv Pulping Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanocellulose preparation from diverse plant feedstocks, processes, and chemical treatments: A review emphasizing non-woods

Das,

Lindström,

Khan

et al. 2023

BioRes

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Low-cost production of nanocellulose from diverse lignocellulosic feedstocks has become an important topic for developing sustainable nanomaterials. The available feedstocks include both woody and non-woody plants, where the latter are relatively underutilized. Interestingly, the porous structure and low lignin content in most non-woody plants, such as agricultural residues and natural fibers, also makes them ideal sources for lower energy nanocellulose production using simpler methods than those required to process woody plants. To enhance the goal of circularity, this review first provides an overview of the nanocellulose conversion from cellulose and then comprehensively discusses the use of non-woody feedstocks for nanocellulose production. Specifically, the availability of suitable non-woody feedstocks and the use of low-cost processes for pulping and cellulose oxidation treatments, including alkaline, solvent pulping, and nitrogen-oxidation treatments, are discussed. The information in this review can lead to new opportunities to achieve greater sustainability in biobased economies. Additionally, demonstrations of nanocellulose-based water purification technologies using agricultural residues derived remediation materials are highlighted at the end of this review.

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Section: Organosolv Pulping Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanocellulose preparation from diverse plant feedstocks, processes, and chemical treatments: A review emphasizing non-woods

Das,

Lindström,

Khan

et al. 2023

BioRes

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“…Only a few procedures have been adopted in full scale in Germany, while most of them failed to be commercialized for varying reasons. There is another promising solvent process involving the use of sulfur dioxide-ethanol–water (40–65%) mixtures, , which has been under the consideration of American Process Inc. (API). This process has several advantages: (a) the recovery of the solvents is simple as sulfur dioxide and ethanol can be recycled, which decreases the operational costs and (b) the rapid impregnation of the feedstocks by ethanol can lead to rapid pulping and easy handling of wood chips of large diversity. − The historical evolution of producing MFC, nowadays called CNF, started in the late 1970s. , The original investigators simply used a high-pressure homogenizer to delaminate the bleached kraft pulp and were successful to obtain an NC hydrogel.…”

Section: General Classification Of Nc Materials and Nc Production Tec...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanocellulose for Sustainable Water Purification

et al. 2022

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Nanocelluloses (NC) are nature-based sustainable biomaterials, which not only possess cellulosic properties but also have the important hallmarks of nanomaterials, such as large surface area, versatile reactive sites or functionalities, and scaffolding stability to host inorganic nanoparticles. This class of nanomaterials offers new opportunities for a broad spectrum of applications for clean water production that were once thought impractical. This Review covers substantial discussions based on evaluative judgments of the recent literature and technical advancements in the fields of coagulation/flocculation, adsorption, photocatalysis, and membrane filtration for water decontamination through proper understanding of fundamental knowledge of NC, such as purity, crystallinity, surface chemistry and charge, suspension rheology, morphology, mechanical properties, and film stability. To supplement these, discussions on low-cost and scalable NC extraction, new characterizations including solution small-angle X-ray scattering evaluation, and structure− property relationships of NC are also reviewed. Identifying knowledge gaps and drawing perspectives could generate guidance to overcome uncertainties associated with the adaptation of NC-enabled water purification technologies. Furthermore, the topics of simultaneous removal of multipollutants disposal and proper handling of post/spent NC are discussed. We believe NC-enabled remediation nanomaterials can be integrated into a broad range of water treatments, greatly improving the cost-effectiveness and sustainability of water purification.

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“…Processing bagasse as raw material with formamide and dimethylformamide provided pulps with a high content in α-cellulose in addition to good physical and mechanical properties [180,181]. Some authors have pulped eucalyptus with dioxane in the presence of hydrochloric acid (catalyst) [182] or its absence [55,[183][184][185], and hardwood with the sulfur dioxideethanol-water system [186].…”

Section: Other Solventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different Solvents for Organosolv Pulping

Rodríguez¹,

Espinosa²,

Domínguez-Robles³

et al. 2018

Pulp and Paper Processing

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Organosolv pulping is a two-stage process involving hydrolysis (decomposition of wood by use of a catalyst) and removal of lignin with an organic solvent (usually a mixture of alcohol and water). The main disadvantage of using an alcohol is its low boiling point, which requires operating at a high pressure and hence using special equipment that is expensive to purchase and operate. One solution to this problem is using alternative organic solvents that afford operation at pressure levels similar to those of classic pulping processes (e.g., the Kraft process). This chapter provides a comprehensive literature review on the organosolv-based production of cellulose pulp by using alternative solvents such as glycols, phenols, esters, organic acids, acetone and amines.

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Sulfur Dioxide-Ethanol-Water Pulping of Hardwoods

Cited by 7 publications

References 4 publications

Nanocellulose preparation from diverse plant feedstocks, processes, and chemical treatments: A review emphasizing non-woods

Nanocellulose preparation from diverse plant feedstocks, processes, and chemical treatments: A review emphasizing non-woods

Nanocellulose for Sustainable Water Purification

Different Solvents for Organosolv Pulping

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