Sulfur-Containing Proteins and Epidermal Keratinization

Fukuyama, Kimie; Epstein, William L.

doi:10.1083/jcb.40.3.830

Cited by 67 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Autoradiographic studies were performed to follow the uptake and relocation of radiolabeled cystine in tbe epidermis. The granular layer showed a slight preference for the uptake of cystine [28], and there was some labeling ofthe KHG [27,29], but, confirming Figure 4, X-r.iy spectrum obtained for a sample of stratum corneum isolated by cape stripping. The sample was analysed without fixation by energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis using Cambridge Stereoscan Mark II Scanning Electron Microscope in tlic STEM Mode fitted with an EDAX 707A peak identification computer and CRT.…”

Section: -D Reconstructionsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…Deposits of metallic silver over both the single granule and the cornified cell envelope in tissue which has been reacted with silver methenamine, and the position ofthe single granules adjacent to the cell membrane led Jessen [57] to propose that the single granules may be storage organeiles for material of the cornified cell envelope. Subsequent studies (mentioned above) in which ^H-cystine uptake and movement was followed in rodent epidermis did not support this relationship [29,36].…”

Section: -D Reconstructionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Portions of two cells contain kcratohyaline granules (irregular gray bodies), upon some of which there are superimposed filamentous foci of reduced silver. Several silver particles do not correspond to keratohyalin granules, but none are seen in the stratum corneum (above the arrows), (X 8,300) (From Cox and Reaven, J Invest Dermatol, 49:32, 1967) the histochemica] data, the KHG was not the primary tior unique site where label was concentrated [29], It should be noted, however, that isolated KHGs reacted positively with the histochemical stains for sulfur, suggesting that the reaction may be blocked in vivo [27]. We will discuss below that there is a population of small, sulfur-rich KHGs in rodent epidermis.…”

Section: -D Reconstructionmentioning

confidence: 90%

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Biologic Structure and Function: Perspectives on Morphologic Approaches to the Study of the Granular Layer Keratinocyte.

Holbrook¹

1989

J Invest Dermatol

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S tephen Rothman [1] wrote: "Modern dermatology has been built on the solid pillars of precise macro-and microscopic observation, accurate recording and meaningful interpretation ofthe findings. No natural science can exist without direct observation of natural phenomena, and dermatology has become a great discipline because we have had so many good observers." He went on to state further that "... whereas the immense knowledge acquired by the classical descriptive methods is still rapidly increasing, the application of experimental methods to dermatologic problems is a relatively young and undeveloped approach." These statements acknowledge the importance of observation and description (usually thought of as features of morphology) in clinical dermatology and in descriptive dermatologic research, but were made before he could recognize the value of morphology to experimental studies as well. Unfortunately, Dr. Rothman did not see the remarkable expansion in dermatologic research that has taken place within even the last 20 years, an eta in which descriptive biology and experimental biology are not necessarily separate entities or even parallel concepts. Morphology is simply one of many approaches --sets of tools -that can be used to solve problems in biology.Morphology is often the starting point of an investigation. Understanding the structure of a cell or tissue provides a framework on which other kinds of data can be applied. A morphologic study, however, need not be synonomous with description and qualitative investigation. Many ofthe techniques used by morphologists provide compositional information (presence/absence of a chemical compound) on a structural substrate (location within the cell or tissue) which, in turn, permits interpretation of function. For example, electron microscopic autoradiography can be used to identify the site of incorporation of a radiolabeled amino acid within the tissue and the specific cell and organelle in which it is utilized, or x-ray microanalysis can reveal the elemental composition of parts of cells or different cells within a tissue. Through the use of techniques like morphometry and stereology, morphologic studies can also be quantitative. To continue the example from above, the volume density ofthe radiolabeled organelte can he determined for a cell or tissue by means of selective sampling and prescribed methods of counting, thus allowing for quantitation and statistical analysis when comparing experimental data. Morphology should not have the limited connotation of providing purely descriptive information.The structure and composition of a tissue can provide insight into its function. As stated by Braverman and Braverman [2], "a major aim of biological work is to correlate structure with function in order to understand how tissues work." The goal in the present paper, as indicated by its title, is to support this statement as we review the use of morphologic approaches to understand skin hiology, selecting as an illustration the progress that has been made in understan...

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Section: -D Reconstructionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: -D Reconstructionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: -D Reconstructionmentioning

confidence: 90%

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Biologic Structure and Function: Perspectives on Morphologic Approaches to the Study of the Granular Layer Keratinocyte.

Holbrook¹

1989

J Invest Dermatol

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“…The single granule was deposited on the cyto plasmic side of the plasma membrane result ing in a thickened membrane. Furthermore, Fukuyama and Epstein [1969] reported that a cystine-containing protein was deposited on the plasma membrane of differentiating epithelial cells. It might be that the 'single granules' [Jessen, 1970], the cystine-con taining protein [Fukuyama and Epstein, 1969] and the eosinophilic granules reported in this current study are function ally similar.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histological and ultrastructural observations of eosinophilic keratohyalin granules in filiform papillae of pig tongue

Boshell¹,

Singh²,

Brewer³

1980

Cells Tissues Organs

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Cells in filiform papillae of pig tongue possess distinct granules that stain with eosin but little or none with hematoxylin. This eosinophilia differs from the classically described basophilia of keratohyalin granules as is described in skin and keratinized oral mucosa of many species. At the ultrastructural level, electron-dense granules were observed in the cytoplasm and occasionally in the nuclei of cells within the papillae. The granules were round, oval or irregular in shape and varied in size and density. The ultrastructural characterization of these eosinophilic granules is the first reported in the literature.

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“…Autoradiographisch lassen sich zwei Schwerpunkte der Proteinsynthesen zeigen, wobei die einzelnen Aminosäuren mit unterschiedlicher Präferenz inkorporiert werden: Leu, Phe, Val, Lys und Met im Stratum basale und Gly, Ser, His, Arg und Cys im Stratum granulosum (20,21). Aus der Epidermis wurden Proteine isoliert, in denen jeweils meist eine Aminosäure prävalierte: ein Gly-reiches Protein (22), ein His-Protein (22,23), ein Cys-Protein (24,25), ein Tyr-Protein (26) und ein Ser-reiches Protein (27). Für die Hornzellmembranen ist der Pro-Reichtum herausgestellt worden (28,29).…”

unclassified

Biochemische Stigmata menschlicher Hautoberfläche im Alter

Schwarz¹

1974

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine

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Altersveränderungen der oberflächlichen Hornschicht wurden hinsichtlich des Gehaltes und der Zusammensetzung der freien Aminosäuren, von Harnstoff, Ammoniak, Urocanin-, Pyrrolidoncarbon-und Milchsäure untersucht. Signifikante Vermehrungen fanden sich im Mittel für die freien Aminosäuren insgesamt, für Glycin, a-Alanin und Valin sowie Verminderungen für Threonin, Glutaminsäure, Histidin, Gitrullin, Harnstoff und Milchsäure. Die auffällige Minderung der beiden letztgenannten Substanzen ist offenbar auf reduzierte Schweißbildung im Alter zurückzuführen. Die mögliche Bedeutung der Befunde für das Oberflächen-Milieu der Altershaut wird diskutiert. Biochemical stigmas of human skin surface in old ageAge-dependent changes in the superficial horny layer of human skin were investigated with respect to the quantity and type of free amino acids, and the quantities of urea, ammonia, urocanic-, pyrrolidone carboxylic acid and lactic acid. Significant increases were found for the total free amino acids, for glycine, -alanine and valine, as well as decreases for threonine, glutamic acid, histidine, citrulline, urea and lactic acid. The striking diminution of the two last substances is apparently due to reduced sweating in the old. The possible significance of these results for the behaviour of the skin surface, in old age is discussed.

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Sulfur-Containing Proteins and Epidermal Keratinization

Cited by 67 publications

References 26 publications

Biologic Structure and Function: Perspectives on Morphologic Approaches to the Study of the Granular Layer Keratinocyte.

Biologic Structure and Function: Perspectives on Morphologic Approaches to the Study of the Granular Layer Keratinocyte.

Histological and ultrastructural observations of eosinophilic keratohyalin granules in filiform papillae of pig tongue

Biochemische Stigmata menschlicher Hautoberfläche im Alter

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