Sulfur Compounds

Weil, Edward D.; Sandler, Stanley R.; Gernon, Michael

doi:10.1002/0471238961.1921120623050912.a01.pub2

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 167 publications

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“…Although most studies suggest anaerobic oxidation could be an efficient process to mitigate dissolved methane, it can also produce contaminant by‐products such as HS − which is associated with hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) in groundwater [ Appelo and Postma , ]. The presence of H 2 S in drinking water (which has a solubility of 5300 mg/L at atmospheric pressure and 10°C [ Weil et al ., ]) is generally associated with a strong and unpleasant rotten egg odour and an unpleasant taste even at very low concentrations. Furthermore, H 2 S is recognized as an extremely flammable, highly toxic and eye‐irritant gas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three‐dimensional numerical simulations of methane gas migration from decommissioned hydrocarbon production wells into shallow aquifers

Roy

Molson

Lemieux

et al. 2016

Water Resources Research

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Three‐dimensional numerical simulations are used to provide insight into the behavior of methane as it migrates from a leaky decommissioned hydrocarbon well into a shallow aquifer. The conceptual model includes gas‐phase migration from a leaky well, dissolution into groundwater, advective‐dispersive transport and biodegradation of the dissolved methane plume. Gas‐phase migration is simulated using the DuMux multiphase simulator, while transport and fate of the dissolved phase is simulated using the BIONAPL/3D reactive transport model. Methane behavior is simulated for two conceptual models: first in a shallow confined aquifer containing a decommissioned leaky well based on a monitored field site near Lindbergh, Alberta, Canada, and secondly on a representative unconfined aquifer based loosely on the Borden, Ontario, field site. The simulations show that the Lindbergh site confined aquifer data are generally consistent with a 2 year methane leak of 2–20 m3/d, assuming anaerobic (sulfate‐reducing) methane oxidation and with maximum oxidation rates of 1 × 10−5 to 1 × 10−3 kg/m3/d. Under the highest oxidation rate, dissolved methane decreased from solubility (110 mg/L) to the threshold concentration of 10 mg/L within 5 years. In the unconfined case with the same leakage rate, including both aerobic and anaerobic methane oxidation, the methane plume was less extensive compared to the confined aquifer scenarios. Unconfined aquifers may therefore be less vulnerable to impacts from methane leaks along decommissioned wells. At other potential leakage sites, site‐specific data on the natural background geochemistry would be necessary to make reliable predictions on the fate of methane in groundwater.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three‐dimensional numerical simulations of methane gas migration from decommissioned hydrocarbon production wells into shallow aquifers

Roy

Molson

Lemieux

et al. 2016

Water Resources Research

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“…It is predictable that just about 93% of the global SO 2 emissions are emitted in the northern hemisphere and the left over 7% are emitted in the southern hemisphere (WHO, 1979). The highest sources of SO 2 emissions are from the burning of fossil fuels and smelting sulphide ores (Weil and Sandler, 1997). One more noteworthy cause is petroleum refining (HSDB, 2002).…”

Section: Sources Of Air Pollutantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brick kiln emissions and its environmental impact: A Review

Skinder¹,

Sheikh²,

Pandit³

et al. 2014

J. Ecol. Nat. Environ.

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Brick manufacturing is the fastest-growing industrial sector in many countries (like china, India, Bangladesh and Pakistan) and among the top three sectors, along with vehicle exhaust and resuspended road dust, contributing to the air pollution and health problems in Dhaka (Bangladesh). The total emissions from the brick manufacturing in the Greater Dhaka region, to produce 3.5 billion bricks per year has been estimated about 23,300 tons of particulate matter having aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 μm (PM 2.5 ), 15,500 tons of sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), 302,000 tons of carbon monoxide (CO), 6,000 tons of black carbon (BC) and 1.8 million tons of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) . Emission of individual air pollutant from brick kilns varied significantly during a firing batch (seven days) and between kilns. Average emission factors per 1,000 bricks were 6.35 to 12.3 kg of CO, 0.52 to 5.9 kg of SO 2 and 0.64 to 1.4 kg of particulate matter (PM). Presently sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ), oxides of nitrogen (NO x ) and suspended particulate matter (SPM) are the main issue pertaining to air pollution problems in developing countries, where it contributes both to urban pollution and to regional acid depositions. Among man-made sources, coal combustion in stationary sources accounts for 74%, industries 22% and transportation 2% of the total oxides of sulphur (SO x ) . and it is considered that SO 2 is the chief emission in brick production. On an international basis, 75 to 85% of SO 2 emissions are the result of fossil fuel burning. It is predictable that just about 93% of the global SO 2 emissions are emitted in the northern hemisphere. It has been revealed that biomass is responsible for the emission of both trace and non trace gases such as carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), methane (CH 4 ) and oxides of nitrogen (NO x ) from traditional brick industries and lots of toxic fumes containing suspended particulate matters rich in carbon particles and high concentration of CO and SO x get produced. Studies have shown the average value of particulate matter of size less than ten microns and total suspend particles for the preoperation time of brick kilns was 0.029 and 0.033 mg/m³, respectively whereas, it reached 0.050 and 0.056 mg/m³, respectively during the brick kiln operation time. Similarly, recent studies on brick kilns in District Budgam of Kashmir valley (India) have shown some major negative impacts on the environment in respect of air quality, human health and vegetation in particular.

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“…These processes take place in an uncontrolled manner in marine, lake and river sediments as well as during transportation and storage of domestic, municipal or agricultural wastes and wastewaters. Sulfides can also be formed as byproducts of different large volume industrial processes, inter alia, refining of petroleum products, processing of coke and steel, pulp and paper production or mining [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorptive-Oxidative Removal of Sulfides from Water by MnO2-Loaded Carboxylic Cation Exchangers

2020

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Hybrid ion exchangers (HIX) containing manganese(IV) oxide (MnO2) based on macroporous and gel-type carboxylic cation exchangers as supporting materials were obtained. The hybrid materials were characterized using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM/EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and nitrogen adsorption isotherms at 77 K and mercury porosimetry. HIX with introduced MnO2 (20.0–32.8 wt% Mn) were tested for removal of dissolved sulfides from anoxic aqueous solutions with 100–500 mg S2−/dm3 concentrations. The process proceeded effortlessly at pH 10–13 despite unfavorable electrostatic interactions of the reactants. The highest exhibited sorption capacity was 144.3 ± 7.1 mg S2−/g. Approximately 65% of dissolved sulfides were oxidized to S2O32− ions and repelled from HIX structure. On average, 13% of sulfide removal products were adsorbed by the MnO2 surface. The impact of MnO2 load and the ionic form of HIX functional groups on removal of sulfides and resulting products was examined. The mechanism of the process is suggested.

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Sulfur Compounds

Cited by 15 publications

References 167 publications

Three‐dimensional numerical simulations of methane gas migration from decommissioned hydrocarbon production wells into shallow aquifers

Three‐dimensional numerical simulations of methane gas migration from decommissioned hydrocarbon production wells into shallow aquifers

Brick kiln emissions and its environmental impact: A Review

Adsorptive-Oxidative Removal of Sulfides from Water by MnO2-Loaded Carboxylic Cation Exchangers

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