Sulfur Amino Acid Deficiency and Toxicity: Research with Animal Models

Baker, David H.; Dilger, Ryan N.

doi:10.1002/9780470475973.ch13

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 163 publications

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“…While much research has focused on the minimum requirements for Met and Cys, it has also been observed that high levels of SAA intake are associated with a variety of toxic effects . In fact, it has been suggested that Met and even Cys are among the most toxic amino acids in animals.…”

Section: Saa: Metabolism Functions and Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With excess Met intake, growth suppression has been observed, leading to alterations in tissues, especially spleen, kidney, and liver . Pathologies associated with excess Met intake in rodents and chicks include hypoglycemia, fatty liver, renal hypertrophy, and pancreatic damage . Excess Cys intake has also been associated with numerous issues in rodents ranging from renal and hepatic necrosis to pulmonary congestion, pleural effusion, and neurodegenerative changes in rodent models .…”

Section: Saa: Metabolism Functions and Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pathologies associated with excess Met intake in rodents and chicks include hypoglycemia, fatty liver, renal hypertrophy, and pancreatic damage . Excess Cys intake has also been associated with numerous issues in rodents ranging from renal and hepatic necrosis to pulmonary congestion, pleural effusion, and neurodegenerative changes in rodent models . Furthermore, as described below, epidemiological studies have associated high serum Cys levels with obesity …”

Section: Saa: Metabolism Functions and Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Disease prevention and delayed aging by dietary sulfur amino acid restriction: translational implications

Dong

Sinha

Richie

2018

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Sulfur amino acids (SAAs) play numerous critical roles in metabolism and overall health maintenance. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that SAA-restricted diets have many beneficial effects, including extending life span and preventing the development of a variety of diseases. Dietary sulfur amino acid restriction (SAAR) is characterized by chronic restrictions of methionine and cysteine but not calories and is associated with reductions in body weight, adiposity and oxidative stress, and metabolic changes in adipose tissue and liver resulting in enhanced insulin sensitivity and energy expenditure. SAAR-induced changes in blood biomarkers include reductions in insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1, glucose, and leptin and increases in adiponectin and fibroblast growth factor 21. On the basis of these preclinical data, SAAR may also have similar benefits in humans. While little is known of the translational significance of SAAR, its potential feasibility in humans is supported by findings of its effectiveness in rodents, even when initiated in adult animals. To date, there have been no controlled feeding studies of SAAR in humans; however, there have been numerous relevant epidemiologic and disease-based clinical investigations reported. Here, we summarize observations from these clinical investigations to provide insight into the potential effectiveness of SAAR for humans.

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Section: Saa: Metabolism Functions and Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Saa: Metabolism Functions and Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Saa: Metabolism Functions and Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Disease prevention and delayed aging by dietary sulfur amino acid restriction: translational implications

Dong

Sinha

Richie

2018

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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“…While most amino acids are thought to be relatively safe when consumed at typical dietary levels, there is accumulating evidence of negative health consequences linked with high intakes of both Met and Cys [9,10]. In addition to laboratory animal studies showing health benefits of SAAR diets, toxicity associated with high levels of SAA intake include growth inhibition in laboratory animals [9] and elevated risk of cardiometabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD), which are associated with elevated homocysteine levels in animal models and humans [11,12]. Overall, these and other studies have led Met and Cys to be considered among the most toxic amino acids [13,14] with potential implications for enhanced risk for chronic diseases [12,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of sulfur amino acid consumption with cardiometabolic risk factors: Cross-sectional findings from NHANES III

Dong¹,

Gao²,

Chinchilli³

et al. 2020

EClinicalMedicine

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Background: An average adult American consumes sulfur amino acids (SAA) at levels far above the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) and recent preclinical data suggest that higher levels of SAA intake may be associated with a variety of aging-related chronic diseases. However, there are little data regarding the relationship between SAA intake and chronic disease risk in humans. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between consumption of SAA and risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases. Methods: The sample included 11,576 adult participants of the Third National Examination and Nutritional Health Survey (NHANES III) Study (1988À1994). The primary outcome was cardiometabolic disease risk score (composite risk factor based on blood cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, C-reactive protein (CRP), uric acid, glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), glycated hemoglobin, insulin, and eGFR). Group differences in risk score by quintiles of energy-adjusted total SAA, methionine (Met), and cysteine (Cys) intake were determined by multiple linear regression after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, smoking, alcohol intake, and dietary factors. We further examined for associations between SAA intake and individual risk factors. Findings: Mean SAA consumption was > 2.5-fold higher than the EAR. After multivariable adjustment, higher intake of SAA, Met, and Cys were associated with significant increases in composite cardiometabolic disease risk scores, independent of protein intake, and with several individual risk factors including serum cholesterol, glucose, uric acid, BUN, and insulin and glycated hemoglobin (p < 0.01). Interpretation: Overall, our findings suggest that diets lower in SAA (close to the EAR) are associated with reduced risk for cardiometabolic diseases. Low SAA dietary patterns rely on plant-derived protein sources over meat derived foods. Given the high intake of SAA among most adults, our findings may have important public health implications for chronic disease prevention. Funding: This study does not have any funding.

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“…In terms of immunity, Met has many functions, including the methylation/demethylation of DNA during hematopoiesis, which regulates B and T cell production, natural killer cells, production of cytokines, and complement pathway activation ( Suarez-Alvarez et al, 2012 ). However, current literature presents inconsistent values for the requirement of dietary Met in growing broilers, and these requirements are typically determined in non-health challenged birds ( National Research Council, 1994 ; Baker and Dilger, 2009 ; Wen et al, 2017 ; Oelschlager, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a coccidiosis challenge on dietary methionine recommendations in broilers

Jespersen,

Sommer,

White

et al. 2024

Poultry Science

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Sulfur Amino Acid Deficiency and Toxicity: Research with Animal Models

Cited by 5 publications

References 163 publications

Disease prevention and delayed aging by dietary sulfur amino acid restriction: translational implications

Disease prevention and delayed aging by dietary sulfur amino acid restriction: translational implications

Association of sulfur amino acid consumption with cardiometabolic risk factors: Cross-sectional findings from NHANES III

Effects of a coccidiosis challenge on dietary methionine recommendations in broilers

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