Sulfonic Acids Supported on UiO-66 as Heterogeneous Catalysts for the Esterification of Fatty Acids for Biodiesel Production

Liu, Wei; Wang, Fang; Meng, Pengcheng; Zang, Shuang‐Quan

doi:10.3390/catal10111271

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Since sulfonic acids are a vital class of organic acids having a wide-range of applicability in animal feeds, dyes, surfactants, pesticides and so forth. [380,381] They are also allied with the medicinal properties, use as synthetic intermediates in addition to their utility in acid-catalyzed reactions due to their solubility in alcohols, water, ionic liquids etc. Interestingly, these systems have also found applications in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) besides their potential supramolecular usefulness due to their peculiar physiochemical properties.…”

Section: Oxone-mediated Oxidation Reactions Of Diverse Organic Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Oxone® in Organic Synthesis: An Emerging Green Reagent of Modern Era

2022

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Presently, the major cornerstone of the research community is to develop green as well as sustainable protocols involving inexpensive catalysts and/or reagents without the usage of hazardous solvents under globally friendlier conditions in order to shelter both mankind and environment. Therefore, needless to say, there is always a supreme need to surrogate the older, costlier and unsafe strategies with the novel economically inexpensive and environmental benign ones. To this context, in recent past, oxone® (triple salt), a very cheap oxidizing agent having the chemical formula 2KHSO5 ⋅ KHSO4 ⋅ K2SO4 and enwrapped with the unique characteristics like easy handling, non‐toxic, safe, eco‐friendly, non‐polluting, stable, and nicely soluble in water, in addition to its utility for large‐scale synthesis etc. Bearing the importance of this versatile reagent in mind, we envisioned to update the recent advances made in this direction. Consequently, in this particular review article, the developments made in the arena of oxone chemistry covering from 2013 to 2020 have been revealed as no report appeared in the literature after a wonderful Chem. Rev. published by the group of Hussain in 2013. Herein, a comprehensive detail of a variety of oxidative transformations along with the complete plausible mechanistic steps have been exposed. For sure, present review would be a very helpful tool to the scientific community not only working in the area of organic synthesis but also to the researchers working in other branches of science and technologies as well.

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Section: Oxone-mediated Oxidation Reactions Of Diverse Organic Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Oxone® in Organic Synthesis: An Emerging Green Reagent of Modern Era

2022

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“…UiO-66 MOF was used by Liu et al as a support for the impregnation of p-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA) and methanesulfonic acid (MSA) to provide PTSA/UiO-66 and MSA/UiO-66 solids, respectively. [72] The organosulfonic acid sites present in the MOFs resulted in catalytic active acidic sites for the esterification of FFAs. These solids were characterized by powder XRD, BET, and FT-IR methods to ascertain the incorporation of these sulfonic acid groups without affecting the crystalline nature of UiO framework.…”

Section: Wwwadvsustainsyscommentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mofs With Pom (Heteropolyacid/mofs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Engineering of Active Sites in Metal–Organic Frameworks for Biodiesel Production

Cirujano

Dhakshinamoorthy

2021

Advanced Sustainable Systems

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Despite the high biodiesel yields, the use of such harsh conditions requires a pure source of triglycerides, since both the presence of water or FFAs decreases the yields. This is due, on the one hand to the dilution or neutralization of the base in the aqueous phase, and on the other hand, to the formation of soaps resulting from the saponification of the FFAs. The generation of these byproducts/emulsions consumes the Brönsted base and complicates the isolation of the desired fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs).When the feedstock is rich in FFA, which can acidify the final biodiesel product, the direct esterification of such compounds with light alcohols is preferred (Scheme 1b). This is the case of food and/or biomass process plants, where it is necessary to perform the esterification in addition to the transesterification of the oil. [7] For this particular process, mineral or organic acids serve as homogeneous catalysts (e.g., HCl, p-toluenesulfonic acid, etc.), but suffer from manipulation problems and contribute to the corrosion of reactors, as well as needing further neutralization steps. An environmentally benign alternative for this process, as well as for the transesterification of triglycerides is to use solid catalysts. Solid heterogeneous catalysts are sustainable alternatives to soluble catalysts, either as mineral, organic (chemo-catalysts), or biologic (enzymatic catalysts). In fact, a solid material does not require additional neutralization and complicated isolation steps, since a simple filtration allows the recovery and recycling of the heterogeneous catalyst. [8] The use of synthetic heterogeneous catalysts offers better stability under broader operational conditions and often lower cost with respect to many homogeneous or enzymatic catalysts, despite the high efficiency of biocatalysis methods. [9,10] Among the traditional solid catalysts, porous solids with windows and cavities wide enough (i.e., at the nanoscale), and/or with high external surface area for the facilitated diffusion of the fats, oil feedstock and biodiesel product are alternatives to amorphous low surface area carbon or polymers. For example, clays, [11] zeolites, [12,13] and mesoporous silicas [12,[14][15][16] have been employed as highly robust solids with well-defined active sites, e.g., Lewis and/or Brönsted acid species, for the production of biodiesel. [17] During the last years, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) appeared as interesting class of ordered porous materials that combine inorganic-organic functionalities, as well as large and often hierarchical void spaces. [18,19] These porous frameworks are ready to introduce fine-tuned active sites for the valorization of complex molecules from biomass feedstock. [20][21][22][23] The production of biodiesel using solid catalysts is a sustainable methodology to renewable fuels from the valorization of biomass derived oils and fats. Here, the use of tailorable multifunctional metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as heterogeneous catalysts for esterification/transesterification reac...

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“…This type of isomerization is widely used for alkanes to increase the octane number of gasoline. , Nevertheless, carboxylic acids are known as poisons for the isomerization process, making their applicability in the synthesis of bc-FA challenging . Other catalysts such as metal–organic frameworks have also been employed to convert fatty acids to liquid fuels. − Besides that, the skeletal isomerization of fatty acids has been studied mainly over zeolites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isomerization of Oleic Acid over Acid Zeolites: Design of Experiments and Proposal of a Novel Kinetic Mechanism

Young

Romano

Almeida

et al. 2021

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Three acid zeolites (H-ZSM-5, H-Beta, and H-FER) were evaluated in the oleic acid isomerization to branched-chain fatty acids (bc-FA). Understanding its kinetic behavior is essential to develop new technologies regarding biofuels, lubricants, and cosmetics. The catalysts were characterized through XRD, N2 physisorption, and NH3-TPD. Preliminary reactions demonstrated that Ferrierite shows better yields in the reaction, which is associated with its higher Brønsted acidity. Optimal reaction pressure and time were 10 bar and 10 h, respectively. A full factorial design of experiments was used to evaluate the reaction temperature and the use of the cocatalysts, water and triphenylphosphine (TPP). The maximum yield (59%) was achieved using 8% of water and 10% of TPP at 300 °C. A reaction mechanism in which the oleic acid turns into its trans isomer before bc-FA formation was proposed, and the kinetic modeling of the process was carried out with reproducible results.

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Sulfonic Acids Supported on UiO-66 as Heterogeneous Catalysts for the Esterification of Fatty Acids for Biodiesel Production

Cited by 19 publications

References 44 publications

Applications of Oxone® in Organic Synthesis: An Emerging Green Reagent of Modern Era

Applications of Oxone® in Organic Synthesis: An Emerging Green Reagent of Modern Era

Engineering of Active Sites in Metal–Organic Frameworks for Biodiesel Production

Isomerization of Oleic Acid over Acid Zeolites: Design of Experiments and Proposal of a Novel Kinetic Mechanism

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