Sulfonic-acid-functionalized polymers based on fluorinated methylstyrenes and styrene as promising heterogeneous catalysts for esterification

Wolska, Joanna; Stawicka, Katarzyna; Walkowiak-Kulikowska, Justyna

doi:10.1016/j.matchemphys.2021.125132

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…This adsorption has a potential to block the catalyst pores and the active sides. Moreover, the hydrophobic surface of the catalyst can promote the adsorption of organic reactants in the catalytic reaction system and restrict the reverse reaction. ,,, …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrophobic Modification of Sulfonated Carbon Aerogels from Coir Fibers To Enhance Their Catalytic Performance for Esterification

et al. 2023

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The hydrophilicity of sulfonic acid-functionalized solid catalysts tends to accelerate the deactivation of the catalyst for chemical reactions where water is produced during the process. In this work, we proposed a hydrophobic carbon aerogel acid catalyst derived from coir fibers by a sulfonation-hydrophobization route via the diazo reduction method. Sulfonation using the diazo reduction method offers some advantages such as the process takes only a few minutes and the modified surface can be easily modified further to be hydrophobic. The carbon aerogel was produced by direct pyrolysis of cellulose aerogels derived from coir fibers using an NH4OH–urea method and then sulfonated and hydrophobized using sulfanilic acid and 4-tert-butylaniline (TBA), respectively. The carbon aerogel exhibited a very high surface area (2624.93–3911.05 m2 g–1), which provides a lot of number of sites for sulfonate groups (2.30–2.70 mmol g–1). The water contact angle of the sulfonated catalyst after hydrophobization ranged from 70 to 115°, depending on the mass ratio of the TBA-to-solid catalyst. The hydrophobic catalyst exhibited better catalytic performance toward esterification of acetic acid with ethanol. A conversion of 65–74% could be achieved in a brief time using the hydrophobic catalyst. The conversions were much higher than that obtained by the unmodified hydrophilic catalyst. Our study offers a strategy to tune the surface hydrophobicity of the sulfonated solid acid catalyst to match for specific chemical reactions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrophobic Modification of Sulfonated Carbon Aerogels from Coir Fibers To Enhance Their Catalytic Performance for Esterification

et al. 2023

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“…The same procedure was performed for other alcohols whose conditions for achieving the desired yield were as follows: 131 mmol of methanol (4.2 g, 4 h) and 131 mmol of ethanol (6 g, 6 h). Nowadays, the titration method is still used to achieve the percentage conversion of each esterification reaction. , In the first step, the amount of initial acid is calculated using eq : …”

Section: Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nowadays, the titration method is still used to achieve the percentage conversion of each esterification reaction. 30,31 In the first step, the amount of initial acid is calculated using eq 2:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

2-Hydroxyethylammonium Bisulfate (2-HEAS) as a Brønsted Acidic Ionic Liquid Catalyst for Esterification

Shahbazi

Tavakoli

Hosseini

et al. 2022

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Brønsted acidic ionic liquids (BAILs) with great variety as effective catalysts for the synthesis of valuable chemicals such as esters have attracted particular attention. In this work, an ionic acid 2-hydroxyethylammonium bisulfate (2-HEAS) was successfully synthesized and used to catalyze esterification reactions. The powerful FTIR and NMR techniques were used to determine the ionic liquid properties. All results and data showed that the ionic liquid has been synthesized successfully. The catalytic activity of IL during esterification of acetic acid in the presence of various alcohols was investigated. The impacts of a few imperative parameters such as reaction time and temperature, molar ratio of acid to alcohol, and catalyst dosage were investigated. The results showed that the 2-HEAS catalyst is suitable for esterification of methanol, ethanol, and butanol. Furthermore, the esterification efficiencies of methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, and butyl acetate produced were high and quantitative. Moreover, a homogeneous catalyst was employed to separate esters from the reaction medium. Additionally, the catalyst was easily removed from products and was reusable six times.

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“…In fact, it has been reported that a fluorenebased poly(azomethine) acquires photoluminescence and electroluminescence properties when only sulfonated polystyrene is added to the compound and its protonation is increased [17]. In addition, sulfonic acid groups are also used in active catalyst systems, dyes, detergents and surfactants [18][19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Poly(azomethine) Containing Sulfonic Acid Unit Oxygen and Sulphur Bridged: Investigation of Its Thermal, Optical and Electrochemical Properties

Yeldir

2021

Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi

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In this study, a poly(azomethine) compound (SBP) containing sulfur and oxygen bridge was obtained from 4,4'-[thiobis(4,1-phenyleneoxy)]dibenzaldehyde (DBA) and 4,4'diamino-2,2'-biphenyl sulfonic acid from condensation reaction. Structural, optical, electrochemical and morphological analyzes of the obtained polymeric material were performed. Structural characterizations were performed from 1H-NMR and FT-IR spectra. Optical properties were determined in the UV-Vis spectrum and the optical band gap was calculated as 3.63 eV. Electrochemical properties were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and HOMO-LUMO and electrochemical band gap values were calculated. In addition, with the help of Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC), the number average molecular mass was found to be 5050 Da. By thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), it was found that the thermal decomposition of SBP occurred in four steps and the maximum mass loss was 391 °C. The surface analysis of the obtained polymeric material was investigated with scanning electron microscope (SEM) and it was determined that the surface was rough.

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Sulfonic-acid-functionalized polymers based on fluorinated methylstyrenes and styrene as promising heterogeneous catalysts for esterification

Cited by 15 publications

References 44 publications

Hydrophobic Modification of Sulfonated Carbon Aerogels from Coir Fibers To Enhance Their Catalytic Performance for Esterification

Hydrophobic Modification of Sulfonated Carbon Aerogels from Coir Fibers To Enhance Their Catalytic Performance for Esterification

2-Hydroxyethylammonium Bisulfate (2-HEAS) as a Brønsted Acidic Ionic Liquid Catalyst for Esterification

Synthesis of Poly(azomethine) Containing Sulfonic Acid Unit Oxygen and Sulphur Bridged: Investigation of Its Thermal, Optical and Electrochemical Properties

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