Sulfonation of polyetheretherketone by chlorosulfuric acid

Trotta, Francesco; Drioli, Enrico; Moraglio, G.; Poma, E. Baima

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4628(19981017)70:3<477::aid-app8>3.0.co;2-k

Cited by 89 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…[22][23][24][25] Significant differences exist in the reports on the use of HSO 3 Cl as sulfonating agent: some authors report, in fact, that this reagent induced chain cleavages and polymer degradation during the reaction 22 degradation was observed. 26 In our experimental conditions, no degradation was detected, but only sulfonation and crosslinking between sulfonic groups with the formation of SO 2 bridging moieties was observed, as shown in Scheme 1 and demonstrated by analysis of the NMR and ATR/FTIR spectra of the products. Figure 1a shows the 1 H NMR spectrum of the hydrolyzed product (SOPEEK) at 25°C.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 58%

A Simple New Route to Covalent Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Proton Exchange Polymeric Membranes

et al. 2005

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The development of proton exchange membranes as electrolytes for polymer electrolyte fuel cells operating at intermediate temperatures has been achieved combining two approaches: the preparation of a cross-linked polymer and the formation of covalent organic/inorganic hybrids. A covalently crosslinked sulfonated polyetheretherketone with elevated degree of sulfonation (DS ) 0.8) was prepared by reaction with HSO 3 Cl (SOPEEK). No degradation of PEEK was detected upon sulfonation, but only cross-linking via sulfonic groups with formation of SO 2 moieties was observed. The extent of ramification was calculated by analyzing the 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of the products and resulted in 20% of the total amount of -SO 3 H groups present in the polymer. The solubility of the -SO 2 Cl precursor in organic solvents allowed easy carrying out of functionalization reactions in homogeneous conditions by lithiation and subsequent reaction with SiCl 4 , thus introducing covalenly linked silicon moieties (SOSiPEEK) at the ratios 1:0.25 and 1:0.50 per monomeric unit. The products were characterized by 1 H and 13 C NMR, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 58%

A Simple New Route to Covalent Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Proton Exchange Polymeric Membranes

et al. 2005

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“…Sulfonation can be performed in several ways, as follows: (1) by direct sulfonation in concentrated sulfuric acid, chlorosulfonic acid, 182-185 sulfur trioxide, or its complex with tri-ethyl-phosphate [186][187][188] ; (2) by lithiation-sulfonation-oxidation 189 ; (3) by chemically grafting a group containing a sulfonic acid onto a polymer 190 ; (4) by graft copolymerization using highenergy radiation followed by sulfonation of the aromatic component 151,152 ; or (5) by synthesis from monomers bearing sulfonic acid groups. 191 For developing polymer electrolytes for fuel cells, the most widely investigated systems include sulfonation of polysulfones (PSF) or polyethersulfone (PES), 189,[192][193][194][195][196] polyetheretherketone (PEEK) 41,182,[197][198][199][200] or polyetheretherketoneketone (PEEKK), 11 polybenzimidazoles (PBI), 41,43,190,201 polyimides (PI), 191,[202][203][204][205] polyphenylenes (PP), poly(4-phenoxybenzoyl-1,4-phenylene) (PPBP), 41,200,206 andrigidrodpoly(p-phenylenes)(PP) 179,180 ), and other polymers 207 (such as polyphenylenesulfide (PPS), 208,209 polyphenylene oxide (PPO), 210 polythiophenylene, 211 polyphenylquinoxaline, 212 and polyphosphazene 213…”

Section: Reviewsis Normally Crystalline Having a Melting Point Of 285°cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Approaches and Recent Development of Polymer Electrolyte Membranes for Fuel Cells Operating above 100 °C

et al. 2003

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The state-of-the-art of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) technology is based on perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) polymer membranes operating at a typical temperature of 80°C. Some of the key issues and shortcomings of the PFSA-based PEMFC technology are briefly discussed. These include water management, CO poisoning, hydrogen, reformate and methanol as fuels, cooling, and heat recovery. As a means to solve these shortcomings, hightemperature polymer electrolyte membranes for operation above 100°C are under active development. This treatise is devoted to a review of the area encompassing modified PFSA membranes, alternative sulfonated polymer and their composite membranes, and acidbase complex membranes. PFSA membranes have been modified by swelling with nonvolatile solvents and preparing composites with hydrophilic oxides and solid proton conductors. DMFC and H 2 /O 2 (air) cells based on modified PFSA membranes have been successfully operated at temperatures up to 120°C under ambient pressure and up to 150°C under 3-5 atm. Alternative polymers are selected from silicon-and fluorine-containing inorganic polymers or aromatic hydrocarbon polymers and functionalized by sulfonation. The sulfonated hydrocarbons and their inorganic composites are potentially promising for high-temperature operation. High conductivities have been obtained at temperatures up to 180°C. Acid-base complex membranes constitute another class of electrolyte membranes. A high-temperature PEMFC based on H 3 PO 4 -doped PBI has been demonstrated for operation at temperatures up to 200°C under ambient pressure. The advanced features include high CO tolerance, simple thermal and water management, and possible integration with the fuel processing unit.

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“…Herein, ClSO 3 H was used due to simplicity and adaptability though side reactions might be present during the sulfonation [32]. However, when the reaction was carried out under suitable condition, side reaction could be suppressed to a large extent [33]. In this study, sulfonation was conducted at a low temperature (16°C), and ClSO 3 H was added slowly drop-wise.…”

Section: Synthesis and Characterization Of Spesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heparin-like surface modification of polyethersulfone membrane and its biocompatibility

Tang

Xue

Yan

et al. 2012

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

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Sulfonation of polyetheretherketone by chlorosulfuric acid

Cited by 89 publications

References 2 publications

A Simple New Route to Covalent Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Proton Exchange Polymeric Membranes

A Simple New Route to Covalent Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Proton Exchange Polymeric Membranes

Approaches and Recent Development of Polymer Electrolyte Membranes for Fuel Cells Operating above 100 °C

Heparin-like surface modification of polyethersulfone membrane and its biocompatibility

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