Sulfonated graphitic carbon nitride as a highly selective and efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the conversion of biomass-derived saccharides to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in green solvents

Chhabra, Tripti; Bahuguna, Ashish; Dhankhar, Sandeep Singh; Nagaraja, C. M.; Krishnan, Venkata

doi:10.1039/c9gc02120e

Cited by 118 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Among them, those utilizing carbon nitride‐based photocatalysts as photocatalysts have attracted particular attention. Chhabra et al [135] . developed a sulfonated g‐C 3 N 4 (S‐GCN) for the evolution of 5‐HMF from biomass‐based saccharides.…”

Section: Application Of Carbon Nitride‐based Photocatalysts In Biomass Reformingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances and Challenges in Photoreforming of Biomass‐Derived Feedstocks into Hydrogen, Biofuels, or Chemicals by Using Functional Carbon Nitride Photocatalysts

Liu

Yang

et al. 2021

ChemSusChem

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Photoreforming of biomass into hydrogen, biofuels, and chemicals is highly desired, yet this field of research is still in its infancy. Developing an efficient, novel, and environmentally friendly photocatalyst is key to achieving these goals. To date, the nonmetallic and eco‐friendly material carbon nitride has found many uses in reactions such as water splitting, CO2 reduction, N2 fixation, and biorefinery, owing to its outstanding photocatalytic activity. However, a narrow light absorption range and fast charge recombination are often encountered in the pristine carbon nitride photocatalytic system, which resulted in unsatisfying photocatalytic activity. To improve the photocatalytic performance of pure carbon nitride in biomass reforming, modification is needed. In this Review, the design and preparation of functional carbon nitride, as well as its photocatalytic properties for the synthesis of hydrogen, biofuels, and chemicals through biomass reforming, are discussed alongside potential avenues for its future development.

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Section: Application Of Carbon Nitride‐based Photocatalysts In Biomass Reformingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances and Challenges in Photoreforming of Biomass‐Derived Feedstocks into Hydrogen, Biofuels, or Chemicals by Using Functional Carbon Nitride Photocatalysts

Liu

Yang

et al. 2021

ChemSusChem

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“…g‐CN is also metal‐free carbon nanomaterial with some superior properties, such as high thermal (up to 600 °C in oxygen, nitrogen, or air atmosphere) and chemical stability. [ 70 ] Under calcination conditions, g‐CN can be easily made from low‐priced nitrogen‐rich precursors (urea, cyanamide, cyanuric acid, thiourea, dicyandiamide, and melamine). [ 71 ] Among the precursors, urea is most commonly used as a precursor due to its appealing properties, such as low cost, nontoxicity, and abundant availability.…”

Section: Sulfonated Carbon‐based Catalysts For Biodiesel Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

State‐of‐the‐Art of the Synthesis and Applications of Sulfonated Carbon‐Based Catalysts for Biodiesel Production: a Review

Chong¹,

Cheng²,

Lam

et al. 2021

Energy Tech

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Sulfonated carbon‐based catalysts (SCC) are favorable heterogeneous acids for acid‐catalyzed reactions including esterification and transesterification for biodiesel production. They are covalently functionalized with SO3H groups via CPhSO3H or CSO3H linkages with special carbon structures. To date, the types of SCC for biodiesel production ranges from biochar (BC), activated carbon (AC), graphene, graphite oxides, multiwalled carbon nanotubes, order mesoporous carbon, and graphitic carbon nitride. Lignocellulosic and biomass wastes are important carbon precursors for low‐cost BC and AC production. This review critically reviews and summarizes the most up‐to‐date research progress in the evolution of SCC for biodiesel production. Systematic discussions and comparisons on the different carbon materials, preparation methods, and sulfonation preparation parameters which directly affect the physicochemical attributes and catalytic performance are provided. The applications and reusability studies of these materials in biodiesel production are also included. Finally, the challenges to be addressed and future prospects of the research direction on the applications of SCC for biodiesel production are discussed.

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“…Following the lead from earlier studies emanating from Varma's group, Krishnan and co-workers [55] recently reported the preparation of a sulfonated g-C 3 N 4 with an amphoteric character possessing both Brønsted acid and basic sites. Firstly, they performed the optimization reactions using the dehydration of glucose to produce HMF, achieving a maximum yield of 94 %.…”

Section: Acid-catalyzed Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphitic Carbon Nitride‐Based Materials as Catalysts for the Upgrading of Lignocellulosic Biomass‐Derived Molecules

et al. 2020

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The use of graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4)‐based catalysts in the upgrading of lignocellulosic biomass significantly contributes to the greener production of biofuels, polymer precursors, and building blocks. In recent years, several catalysts based on g‐C3N4 have been developed and applied in both photocatalyzed and non‐photocatalyzed (thermal) reactions. This Review provides an overview on the upgrading of lignocellulosic biomass deploying several compositions of g‐C3N4‐based catalysts.

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Sulfonated graphitic carbon nitride as a highly selective and efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the conversion of biomass-derived saccharides to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in green solvents

Abstract: Sulfonated graphitic carbon nitride having both Brønsted base and Brønsted acid sites is used as a heterogeneous catalyst for the selective conversion of different biomass-derived saccharides to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in green solvents.

Cited by 118 publications

References 66 publications

Recent Advances and Challenges in Photoreforming of Biomass‐Derived Feedstocks into Hydrogen, Biofuels, or Chemicals by Using Functional Carbon Nitride Photocatalysts

Recent Advances and Challenges in Photoreforming of Biomass‐Derived Feedstocks into Hydrogen, Biofuels, or Chemicals by Using Functional Carbon Nitride Photocatalysts

State‐of‐the‐Art of the Synthesis and Applications of Sulfonated Carbon‐Based Catalysts for Biodiesel Production: a Review

Graphitic Carbon Nitride‐Based Materials as Catalysts for the Upgrading of Lignocellulosic Biomass‐Derived Molecules

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