Sulfonated graphene oxide/Nafion composite membranes for high-performance direct methanol fuel cells

Chien, Hung-Chung; Tsai, Li‐Duan; Huang, Chiu-Ping; Kang, Chi-Yun; Lin, Jheng-Hua; Chang, Feng‐Chih

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.08.036

Cited by 238 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Moreover, we used low catalyst loadings in the anode (2 mg cm −1 ) and cathode (1 mg cm −1 ), which provided the advantage of low-cost DAMFC manufacturing. To our best knowledge, this Pmax output is the highest value of DAMFCs recorded [7,8,[17][18][19][20][21]23,24,63,[74][75][76]. Based on the above tests, the optimal operating condition was fed with 4 M of methanol solution, cell temperature of 60 • C, and the use of the QPVA/CTAB-coated LaFeO 3 composite electrolyte.…”

Section: Direct Alkaline Methanol Fuel Cell Performancementioning

confidence: 95%

“…The increased ionic conductivity is also beneficial to reduce ohmic loss by raising the temperature, as discussed previously. When the temperature was further increased to 70 • C, the P max (264 mW cm −2 ) value slightly decreased, which might be due to membrane shrinkage or dehydration at the higher temperature [74]. In addition, the increased methanol diffusivity from the unreacted methanol could also crossover into the cathode.…”

Section: Direct Alkaline Methanol Fuel Cell Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Surfactant-Assisted Perovskite Nanofillers Incorporated in Quaternized Poly (Vinyl Alcohol) Composite Membrane as an Effective Hydroxide-Conducting Electrolyte

Kumar

et al. 2017

Energies

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Perovskite LaFeO 3 nanofillers (0.1%) are incorporated into a quaternized poly(vinyl alcohol) (QPVA) matrix for use as hydroxide-conducting membranes in direct alkaline methanol fuel cells (DAMFCs). The as-synthesized LaFeO 3 nanofillers are amorphous and functionalized with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactant. The annealed LaFeO 3 nanofillers are crystalline without CTAB. The QPVA/CTAB-coated LaFeO 3 composite membrane shows a defect-free structure while the QPVA/annealed LaFeO 3 film has voids at the interfaces between the soft polymer and rigid nanofillers. The QPVA/CTAB-coated LaFeO 3 composite has lower methanol permeability and higher ionic conductivity than the pure QPVA and QPVA/annealed LaFeO 3 films. We suggest that the CTAB-coated LaFeO 3 provides three functions to the polymeric composite: increasing polymer free volume, ammonium group contributor, and plasticizer to enhance the interfacial compatibility. The composite containing CTAB-coated LaFeO 3 results in superior cell performance. A maximum power density of 272 mW cm −2 is achieved, which is among the highest power outputs reported for DAMFCs in the literature.

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Section: Direct Alkaline Methanol Fuel Cell Performancementioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Direct Alkaline Methanol Fuel Cell Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Surfactant-Assisted Perovskite Nanofillers Incorporated in Quaternized Poly (Vinyl Alcohol) Composite Membrane as an Effective Hydroxide-Conducting Electrolyte

Kumar

et al. 2017

Energies

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“…In our previous work [6], we reported how effectively the more amorphous the membranes were, the larger crossover of alcohol into the other compartment. GO, sGO or GO modified with silica (fGO) additives seem to offer an important alcohol barrier effect [29,31,61]. Table 2 also displays the coefficient of propanol diffusion (P) of GO/CS:PVA membrane measured at 120 min.…”

Section: Alcohol Permeabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

High Performance of Alkaline Anion-Exchange Membranes Based on Chitosan/Poly (vinyl) Alcohol Doped with Graphene Oxide for the Electrooxidation of Primary Alcohols

García‐Cruz

Casado-Coterillo

Irabien

et al. 2016

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Mixed matrix membranes (MMM) based on chitosan (CS) and poly (vinyl) alcohol (PVA) with a 50:50 w/w ratio doped with graphene oxide (GO) are prepared by solution casting and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), water uptake, alcohol permeability, ion exchange capacity (IEC) and OHć onductivity measurements. The SEM analysis revealed a dense MMM where the GO nanosheets were well dispersed over the entire polymer matrix. The incorporation of GO increased considerably the thermal stability of the CS:PVA membrane. The GO-based MMM exhibited a low conductivity of 0.19 mS¨cm´1 in part because the GO sheets did not change the crystallinity of the CS:PVA matrix. The reinforced structure created by the hydrogen bonds between the GO filler and the CS:PVA matrix resulted to be a good physical barrier for alcohol permeability, achieving a coefficient of diffusion of 3.38ˆ10´7 and 2.43ˆ10´7 cm 2¨s´1 after 60 and 120 min, respectively, thus avoiding additional alcohol crossover. Finally, the electrochemical performance of the GO-based MMM in the electrooxidation of propargyl alcohol was investigated in a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Electrochemical Reactor (PEMER) under alkaline conditions, through the polarization curve and the electrolysis reactions, showing a performance comparable to anion-exchange commercial membranes.

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“…Incorporation of nanosized hydrophilic inorganic fillers in the Nafion matrix reduces the methanol crossover by partially blocking the hydrophilic channels along with an improved water uptake and mechanical stability. Many efforts have been focused on the modification of Nafion membranes by incorporation of various inorganic nano fillers into the Nafion matrix to reduce methanol crossover while upholding its proton conductivity [7][8][9][10][11]. Nafion membranes modified with metal oxides such as TiO 2 [12,13], SiO 2 [14,15], aluminosilicates [3], etc., showed promising results towards the DMFC application.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the hygroscopic nature of metal oxides improves the water retention properties of the resulting membranes. Consequently, many efforts have also been focused on the modification of Nafion membranes by nanofillers such as graphene [11], graphene oxides [9] and inorganic polysiloxane [17], and superior proton conductivity behavior of the resulting composite membranes, with efficient reduction in methanol crossover, has been demonstrated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Nafion-Ceria Composite Membrane Electrolyte for Reduced Methanol Crossover in Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

2017

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An alternative Nafion composite membrane was prepared by incorporating various loadings of CeO 2 nanoparticles into the Nafion matrix and evaluated its potential application in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). The effects of CeO 2 in the Nafion matrix were systematically studied in terms of surface morphology, thermal and mechanical stability, proton conductivity and methanol permeability. The composite membrane with optimum filler content (1 wt. % CeO 2 ) exhibits a proton conductivity of 176 mS·cm −1 at 70 • C, which is about 30% higher than that of the unmodified membrane. Moreover, all the composite membranes possess a much lower methanol crossover compared to pristine Nafion membrane. In a single cell DMFC test, MEA fabricated with the optimized composite membrane delivered a peak power density of 120 mW·cm −2 at 70 • C, which is about two times higher in comparison with the pristine Nafion membrane under identical operating conditions.

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Sulfonated graphene oxide/Nafion composite membranes for high-performance direct methanol fuel cells

Cited by 238 publications

References 34 publications

Surfactant-Assisted Perovskite Nanofillers Incorporated in Quaternized Poly (Vinyl Alcohol) Composite Membrane as an Effective Hydroxide-Conducting Electrolyte

Surfactant-Assisted Perovskite Nanofillers Incorporated in Quaternized Poly (Vinyl Alcohol) Composite Membrane as an Effective Hydroxide-Conducting Electrolyte

High Performance of Alkaline Anion-Exchange Membranes Based on Chitosan/Poly (vinyl) Alcohol Doped with Graphene Oxide for the Electrooxidation of Primary Alcohols

A Nafion-Ceria Composite Membrane Electrolyte for Reduced Methanol Crossover in Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

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