Sulfonated Graphene Oxide as Effective Catalyst for Conversion of 5‐(Hydroxymethyl)‐2‐furfural into Biofuels

Antunes, Margarida M.; Russo, Patrícia A.; Wiper, Paul V.; Veiga, Jacinto M.; Pillinger, Martyn; Mafra, Luís; Evtuguin, Dmitry V.; Pinna, Nicola; Valente, Anabela A.

doi:10.1002/cssc.201301149

Cited by 94 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…SO 3 H–GO was applied for the conversion of 5‐(hydroxymethyl)‐2‐furfural (HMF) into biofuels as reported by Valente and co‐workers 68. These biofuels included 5‐ethoxymethylfurfural (EMF), ethyl levulinate (EL), and 5‐ethoxymethylfurfural diethylacetal (EMFda).…”

Section: Cmgs As Carbocatalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbocatalysis: The State of “Metal‐Free” Catalysis

Chua

Pumera

2015

Chemistry A European J

105

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The rise in global demand for crucial chemical compounds has driven immense research in the fundamental science of catalysis. Graphene and its derivatives (chemically modified graphene, CMGs) have recently emerged as a new class of heterogeneous catalyst that promises economically viable and greener routes to these compounds. Although CMGs possess unique catalytic properties, the actual active sites are often points of discussion. Current minimal understanding on the possible effects of metallic impurities on the electrocatalytic performances of these CMGs calls forth the need to raise awareness on possible metallic impurities misrepresenting the actual chemical catalytic performances of the CMGs. This Minireview highlights the latest advances in the application of CMGs as catalysts, with an emphasis on the possible effects of metallic impurities on CMG catalysis.

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Section: Cmgs As Carbocatalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbocatalysis: The State of “Metal‐Free” Catalysis

Chua

Pumera

2015

Chemistry A European J

105

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“…Many variants of the Hummers protocol [45] have been published with respect to the number of oxidative steps and the nature of the oxidant [46], and the impact of the oxidative exfoliation of graphite on the properties of GO toward grafting remains to be rationalized. Second, several sulfonating agents such as 4-diazoniobenzenesulfonate [14,20,21], chlorosulfonic acid [17,19], sulfuric acid [15,18] and 2-chloroethanesulfonic acid [22] have been used on GO and GR. Third, the covalent grafting of sulfonic acid functions was achieved either on GO or on GR.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Practical and scalable synthesis of sulfonated graphene

Oger

Lin

Labrugère

et al. 2016

Carbon

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“…In this regards, biomass conversion is a promising way to overcome the dependence of society on fossil hydrocarbons (oil, coal, and gas), especially in fuel production and energy areas [2]. Via bio-refinery, lignocellulose can be converted into relevant chemicals, such as furfural [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10], 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) [11][12][13][14][15], and alkyl levulinates [16][17][18][19][20], among others. In particular, furfural has been recognized as a crucial bio-based platform molecule, and therefore, its valorization has been attracting researchers' attention in recent years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Catalytic Hydrogenation of Furfural

et al. 2019

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Furfural has been considered as one of the most promising platform molecules directly derived from biomass. The hydrogenation of furfural is one of the most versatile reactions to upgrade furanic components to biofuels. For instance, it can lead to plenty of downstream products, such as (tetrahydro)furfuryl alcohol, 2-methyl(tetrahydro)furan, lactones, levulinates, cyclopentanone(l), or diols, etc. The aim of this review is to discuss recent advances in the catalytic hydrogenation of furfural towards (tetrahydro)furfuryl alcohol and 2-methyl(tetrahydro)furan in terms of different non-noble metal and noble metal catalytic systems. Reaction mechanisms that are related to the different catalytic materials and reaction conditions are properly discussed. Selective hydrogenation of furfural could be modified not only by varying the types of catalyst (nature of metal, support, and preparation method) and reaction conditions, but also by altering the reaction regime, namely from batch to continuous flow. In any case, furfural catalytic hydrogenation is an open research line, which represents an attractive option for biomass valorization towards valuable chemicals and fuels.FA is a very important monomer for the synthesis of furan resins, which are widely used in thermoset polymer matrix composites, cements, adhesives, coatings, and casting/foundry resins. This molecule is also used as a non-reactive diluent for epoxy resin, a modifier for phenolic and urea resins, an oil well, and a carbon binder. Furthermore, the salt of FA is used in the synthesis of lysine, vitamin C, lubricants, and plasticizers [22,23]. Moreover, it should be highlighted that FA is also an important intermediate for the production of further hydrogenation products (as shown in Scheme 1), such as 2-methylfuran (MF), a potential alternative fuel with better combustion performance and higher Research Octane Number (RON = 103) than that of gasoline (RON = 96.8) [24]. In other applications, MF is used in perfume intermediates, chloroquine lateral chains in medical intermediates, and as a raw material for the production of chrysanthemate pesticides [25].Moreover, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol (THFA) can be used as a green solvent in the pharmaceutical industry and, in addition, it constitutes an outstanding intermediate to produce dihydropyran [26], pyridine [27], tetrahydrofuran, and pentan-1,5-diol [28][29][30]. Particularly, the latest molecule is an important monomer in the plastics industry. Furthermore, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (MTHF) is quite engaging for its possible applications in organometallic chemistry, as well as in organic reactions that are related to organocatalysis, biotransformations, and biomass processing [31]. Catalysts 2019, 9, 796 3 of 33 Catalysts 2018, 8, x FOR PEER REVIEW 3 of 36 Scheme 1. Illustrative representation of reaction pathways in furfural hydrogenation.Other downstream products of furfural hydrogenation, such as (tetrahydro)furan [32], tetrahydrofurfural [33], lactones [34][35][36][37], levulinates [38,39], cyclopentanone...

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Sulfonated Graphene Oxide as Effective Catalyst for Conversion of 5‐(Hydroxymethyl)‐2‐furfural into Biofuels

Cited by 94 publications

References 79 publications

Carbocatalysis: The State of “Metal‐Free” Catalysis

Carbocatalysis: The State of “Metal‐Free” Catalysis

Practical and scalable synthesis of sulfonated graphene

Recent Advances in Catalytic Hydrogenation of Furfural

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