Sulfonated fluorinated multi-block copolymer hybrid containing sulfonated(poly ether ether ketone) and graphene oxide: A ternary hybrid membrane architecture for electrolyte applications in proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Kim, Ae Rhan; Vinothkannan, Mohanraj; Yoo, Dong Jin

doi:10.1016/j.jechem.2018.02.020

Cited by 120 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…All the present membranes increased in the proton conductivity at an elevated temperature (Figure ). SPAE‐80 was highest in the proton conductivity among all the SPAE membranes and it could reach 0.232 S cm −1 at 80 °C, which was significantly higher than that of Nafion 212 (0.205 S cm −1 at 80 °C), and could be ascribed to the increased sulfonic acid content and the water uptake ability of the membrane . Also, increased sulfonic acid content formed more network of hydrogen bonds, which is beneficial to improve proton conductivity according to Grottthuss mechanism .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Synthesis of Sulfonated Poly(arylene ether)s in a One‐Pot Polymerization Process and Their Nafion‐Blend Membranes for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Applications

Fang

Xu²,

Gao

et al. 2019

ChemistrySelect

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A series of sulfonated poly(arylene ether) (SPAE) was designed and successfully synthesized via one-step polycondensation reaction, then giving flexible, transparent and uniform membranes through solution casting method. The degree of sulfonation (DS) of the yielded polymers, confirmed by 1 H NMR analysis, could be controlled by adjusting the ratio of nonsulfonated to sulfonated monomers, and physicochemical as well as electrochemical properties of the resulting SPAE membranes were systematically characterized. The ion exchange capacity (IEC) value and water uptake were elevated with the increasing of sulfonation of degree without excessive swelling issue. The membranes exhibited good thermal, oxidative and dimensional stability. Among all the SPAE membranes, proton conductivity of SPAE-80 (0.232 S cm À 1 ) is higher than that of Nafion 212 (0.205 S cm À 1 ) at 80°C under 100% relative humidity (RH). In the H 2 /air single cell test, a higher power density of 93 mW cm À 2 was generated for SPAE-80 membrane doped with 10 wt% Nafion at 50°C under 30% RH, whereas 89 mW cm À 2 for the pristine SPAE-80 membrane. The fuel cell durability of SPAE membrane was elevated when doped with Nafion.[a] Z. Fang, Dr.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Synthesis of Sulfonated Poly(arylene ether)s in a One‐Pot Polymerization Process and Their Nafion‐Blend Membranes for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Applications

Fang

Xu²,

Gao

et al. 2019

ChemistrySelect

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“…The third parameter to be considered for regression analysis was A H2O , which represents a measure of the pressure of water, as described in Equation (7). During PEMFC operation, the value of this parameter decreases with increasing water pressure within the PEMFC.…”

Section: Statistical Regression Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PEMFC offers many advantages, such as high efficiency, silent operation, zero greenhouse-gas emission, and most importantly, high energy density. [4][5][6][7][8][9] Most of the aforementioned voltage drops are difficult to calculate, because some model parameters, such as the internal current (I int ), exchange current density (I o ), charge-transfer coefficient (α), and maximum limiting current (I lim ) for a PEMFC vary with ambient temperature and PEMFC loading conditions. 1,2 In PEMFC systems, hydrogen is supplied to the anode while ambient oxygen is supplied to the cathode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The concentration of the gas generally varies on the surface of electrodes, thereby causing the voltage within PEMFCs to drop as a result of these variations. [4][5][6][7][8][9] Most of the aforementioned voltage drops are difficult to calculate, because some model parameters, such as the internal current (I int ), exchange current density (I o ), charge-transfer coefficient (α), and maximum limiting current (I lim ) for a PEMFC vary with ambient temperature and PEMFC loading conditions. In addition, the voltage and internal resistance depends on the number of fuel cells used in the stack.…”

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Membrane‐hydration‐state detection in proton exchange membrane fuel cells using improved ambient‐condition‐based dynamic model

et al. 2019

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“…All efforts to overcome these challenges fall into two main categories. The first one is related to the modification of PEMs including blending, grafting, copolymerization and cross‐linking, and incorporation of higher performance and/or lower cost alternative sulfonated aromatic polymers instead of Nafion as a most common commercial PEM . As an alternative, the sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) is a promising membrane because of its attractive characteristics like excellent durability, low cost, and slight fuel crossover .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous improvement of ionic conductivity and oxidative stability of sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) nanocomposite proton exchange membrane for fuel cell application

2020

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Summary Simultaneous high proton conductivity with high oxidative stability is one of the major concerns in the proton exchange membrane (PEM) preparation. With this perspective, different loadings of the sulfated zirconia‐titania, a binary metal oxide that possesses enhanced physicochemical properties, nanoparticle in sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) polymer were evaluated by the response surface method to obtain the novel PEM with boosted proton conductivity and oxidative stability. Two models for correlation of proton conductivity and oxidative stability (in Fenton solution) with two independent factors, including sulfonation time and the weight percent of the nanoparticle loading, were obtained by central composite design. The optimum parameters to attain the highest proton conductivity with oxidative stability are found to be the sulfonation time of 6.48 hours and the nanoparticle weight percent of 10.12%. The nanoparticle loading was found to be the more significant factor in the proton conductivity model, while the sulfonation time in the oxidative stability model was the main affecting factor. The optimal membranes were characterized by 1H NMR, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, Fenton test, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), water uptake, swelling ratio, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis. The results indicate that the introduction of the optimal contents of SZrTi nanoparticle into the polymer matrix would improve the water uptake and consequently the proton conductivity at a higher temperature while keeping the swelling ratio at an acceptable range. The highest achieved proton conductivity by the resulted nanocomposite was 29.21 mS cm−1 at 120°C with 186‐minute durability in the Fenton's reagent. Moreover, the maximum peak power density of 199 mW cm−2 was achieved at 90°C and 100% RH for the single‐cell performance test of nanocomposite‐based membrane electrode assembly (MEA), while it was recorded at 112 mW cm−2 for commercial MEA. Acceptable dispersion of SZrTi nanoparticle in the SPEEK matrix causes negligible fuel crossover flux (eg, 0.35 × 10−6 mmol s−1 cm−2 and 12.49 × 10−6 mmol s−1 cm−2 for nanocomposite‐based MEA and commercial MEA, respectively), which is indispensable to improve the mechanical and chemical stability. So, the novel prepared nanocomposite SPEEK‐based membrane would be a promising alternative for the Nafion membrane at moderate to high temperatures. Highlights Sulfated ZrO2‐TiO2 binary oxide was introduced into the SPEEK polymer matrix. Chemical stability and proton conductivity were promoted by design of experiments. The nanoparticle loading was the main factor in the proton conductivity model. Sulfonation time in the oxidative stability model was the most affecting factor. Fuel crossover was omitted because of the presence of SZrTi nanoparticle in the SPEEK matrix.

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Sulfonated fluorinated multi-block copolymer hybrid containing sulfonated(poly ether ether ketone) and graphene oxide: A ternary hybrid membrane architecture for electrolyte applications in proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Cited by 120 publications

References 46 publications

Synthesis of Sulfonated Poly(arylene ether)s in a One‐Pot Polymerization Process and Their Nafion‐Blend Membranes for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Applications

Synthesis of Sulfonated Poly(arylene ether)s in a One‐Pot Polymerization Process and Their Nafion‐Blend Membranes for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Applications

Membrane‐hydration‐state detection in proton exchange membrane fuel cells using improved ambient‐condition‐based dynamic model

Simultaneous improvement of ionic conductivity and oxidative stability of sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) nanocomposite proton exchange membrane for fuel cell application

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