Sulfolane degradation by mixed cultures and a bacterial isolate identified as a Variovorax sp.

Greene, Elizabeth A.; Beatty, Perrin H.; Fedorak, Phillip M.

doi:10.1007/s002030000184

Cited by 42 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…growing on these compounds. Three bacterial isolates that grow on sulfolane (tetrahydrothiophene-1,1-dioxide) liberated 40 to 42% of the sulfolane C as CO 2 (10).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The high sulfate concentration in the medium precluded the detection of any sulfate that might have been formed by the release of the sulfur atom from HFBT. Other studies have shown that sulfur from thiophene rings can be used as the sole sulfur source for bacterial growth (3,10,25), so it is likely that HFBT would serve as a sole sulfur source. However, it has yet to be determined whether this is true.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Purification, Stability, and Mineralization of 3-Hydroxy-2- Formylbenzothiophene, a Metabolite of Dibenzothiophene

Bressler

Fedorak

2001

Appl Environ Microbiol

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3-Hydroxy-2-formylbenzothiophene (HFBT) is a metabolite found in many bacterial cultures that degrade dibenzothiophene (DBT) via the Kodama pathway. The fate of HFBT in cultures and in the environment is unknown. In this study, HFBT was produced by a DBT-degrading bacterium and purified by sublimation. When stored in organic solvent or as a crystal, the HFBT slowly decomposed, yielding colored products. Two of these were identified as thioindigo and cis-thioindigo. The supernatant of the DBT-degrading culture contained thioindigo, which has not been reported previously as a product of DBT biodegradation. In mineral salts medium, HFBT was sufficiently stable to allow biodegradation studies with a mixed microbial culture over a 3-to 4-week period. High-performance liquid chromatography analyses showed that HFBT was removed from the medium. 2-Mercaptophenylglyoxalate, detected as benzothiophene-2,3-dione, was found in an HFBT-degrading mixed culture, and the former appears to be a metabolite of HFBT. This mixed culture also mineralized HFBT to CO 2 .For more than 4 decades, dibenzothiophene (DBT) has been the model compound for studying the biodegradation or biodesulfurization of sulfur heterocycles. 3-Hydroxy-2-formylbenzothiophene (HFBT) has often been found as a metabolite of bacterial degradation of DBT (1,9,11,12,19). Yamada et al. (27) reported that two Pseudomonas isolates produced a metabolite that upon purification yielded yellow crystal with a melting point of 107°C. Kodama et al. (11) conclusively identified this metabolite as HFBT (Fig. 1A). Figure 1B shows that two molecules of HFBT can undergo a spontaneous abiotic reaction forming a red dyestuff, 3-oxo-(3Ј-hydroxythianaphthenyl-2-methylene)-dihydrothianaphthene (compound III) (11, 12). Finkelstein et al. (8) described a different product of two molecules of HFBT spontaneously reacting to give compound IV (Fig. 1B). However, they based this tentative identification solely on the interpretation of a mass spectrum.No biodegradation products of HFBT have been conclusively identified, but compounds that may originate from HFBT have been detected in cultures biodegrading DBT. Examples of these are shown in Fig. 2. Bohonos et al. (1) found 3-hydroxybenzothiophene (compound V) and benzothiophene-2,3-dione (compound VIII). Eaton and Nitterauer (4) showed that when acidic conditions are used to extract culture supernatants containing 2-mercaptophenylglyoxalate (compound VII), an acid-catalyzed dehydration occurs to form compound VIII. Finkelstein et al. (8) detected 2,3-dihydroxybenzothiophene (compound VI) and 2-mercaptobenzoic acid (or thiosalicylic acid; compound IX). However, no one has conclusively shown that these metabolites result from further catabolism of HFBT and are not products of a concurrent metabolic pathway.To date, purified HFBT has not been used as a carbon and energy source for biodegradation studies. The only reported investigation into the biodegradation of HFBT is by Mormile and Atlas (21) who used filter-sterilized culture supernatant...

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“…growing on these compounds. Three bacterial isolates that grow on sulfolane (tetrahydrothiophene-1,1-dioxide) liberated 40 to 42% of the sulfolane C as CO 2 (10).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Purification, Stability, and Mineralization of 3-Hydroxy-2- Formylbenzothiophene, a Metabolite of Dibenzothiophene

Bressler

Fedorak

2001

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…For instance, strains of Variovorax are able to degrade capsaicin (13) and do so most effectively when operating in defined consortia containing organisms such as Pseudomonas putida. Other compounds that are degraded by this species through synergistic interactions with other bacterial species include linuron (5), simazine (37), atrazine (41), 2,4-dinitrotoluene (42), and sulfolane (19). However, we were unable to identify the genes involved in these unique synergistic activities through genome analysis.…”

Section: General Genome Featuresmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…paradoxus is catabolically diverse, utilizing a wide range of naturally occurring compounds as sole growth substrates (1, 4, 6, 8, 12, 13, 15, 21, 24, 29-31, 34, 40, 49). Variovorax species have also been observed to degrade a variety of contaminants (5,19,37,41,42,46,(50)(51)(52), including the herbicide atrazine (41). The S110 genome contains an array of genes supporting similar metabolic diversity, although many of the pathways were incompletely identified.…”

Section: General Genome Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This metabolic capacity suggests that Variovorax plays an essential role in the natural cycling of biogenic chemicals. Variovorax species are also able to degrade a variety of contaminants, including pesticides and crude oil-associated S-metabolites (5,19,37,41,42,46,50,51,52), often in synergistic and mutually beneficial interactions with other bacteria. In addition, a close relative of Variovorax was found to be the central, nonphotosynthetic partner within the phototrophic consortium "Chlorochromatium aggregatum" (22).…”

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Complete Genome Sequence of the Metabolically Versatile Plant Growth-Promoting Endophyte Variovorax paradoxus S110

et al. 2011

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Variovorax paradoxus is a microorganism of special interest due to its diverse metabolic capabilities, including the biodegradation of both biogenic compounds and anthropogenic contaminants. V. paradoxus also engages in mutually beneficial interactions with both bacteria and plants. The complete genome sequence of V. paradoxus S110 is composed of 6,754,997 bp with 6,279 predicted protein-coding sequences within two circular chromosomes. Genomic analysis has revealed multiple metabolic features for autotrophic and heterotrophic lifestyles. These metabolic diversities enable independent survival, as well as a symbiotic lifestyle. Consequently, S110 appears to have evolved into a superbly adaptable microorganism that is able to survive in ever-changing environmental conditions. Based on our findings, we suggest V. paradoxus S110 as a potential candidate for agrobiotechnological applications, such as biofertilizer and biopesticide. Because it has many associations with other biota, it is also suited to serve as an additional model system for studies of microbeplant and microbe-microbe interactions.Variovorax paradoxus is a metabolically diverse, aerobic bacterium that engages in mutually beneficial interactions with a variety of bacteria and plants. V. paradoxus belongs to the subclass of Proteobacteria and can metabolically utilize natural compounds produced by other biota, such as acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) (25) and alkyl/aryl-sulfonates (38). This metabolic capacity suggests that Variovorax plays an essential role in the natural cycling of biogenic chemicals. Variovorax species are also able to degrade a variety of contaminants, including pesticides and crude oil-associated S-metabolites (5,19,37,41,42,46,50,51,52), often in synergistic and mutually beneficial interactions with other bacteria. In addition, a close relative of Variovorax was found to be the central, nonphotosynthetic partner within the phototrophic consortium "Chlorochromatium aggregatum" (22). Moreover, V. paradoxus is resistant to various heavy metals, including cadmium and mercury (2).V. paradoxus belongs to a group referred to as plant growthpromoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), which exert beneficial effects on plant growth. As a common plant symbiont found in the rhizosphere (2, 3), the metabolic diversity of V. paradoxus appears to be related to its role as a PGPR. By degrading toxic contaminants, this bacterium can prevent harm otherwise experienced by the plant and thus can promote plant growth. Strains of Variovorax can enhance the host plant's stress tolerance and disease resistance (2, 3) and aid in nutrient availability and uptake (38). The effectiveness of Variovorax as a PGPR is likely to be more potent because it also appears to be a good endophytic symbiont (34,36,39,43,44,45,47) and thus interacts more closely with the host plant. Conversely, endospheric habitats are known to offer microbes the advantage of a more uniform and protective niche compared to the competitive, high-stress environment of the soil (36).The diverse metabol...

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Microbial Attack of Organosulfur Compounds

2018

Biodesulfurization in Petroleum Refining

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Sulfolane degradation by mixed cultures and a bacterial isolate identified as a Variovorax sp.

Cited by 42 publications

References 37 publications

Purification, Stability, and Mineralization of 3-Hydroxy-2- Formylbenzothiophene, a Metabolite of Dibenzothiophene

Purification, Stability, and Mineralization of 3-Hydroxy-2- Formylbenzothiophene, a Metabolite of Dibenzothiophene

Complete Genome Sequence of the Metabolically Versatile Plant Growth-Promoting Endophyte Variovorax paradoxus S110

Microbial Attack of Organosulfur Compounds

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