Sulfogalactosyl diacylglycerol: Occurrence and biosynthesis of a novel lipid in rat brain

Flynn, Tom; Deshmukh, Diwakar S.; Rao, G. Sasibhushana; Pieringer, Ronald A.

doi:10.1016/s0006-291x(75)80069-6

Cited by 41 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Trapp et al (1980) found only the diacyl form of monogalactosyl glyceride, not the alkylacyl form, in Xenopus brain myelin. Sulfated galactosyl glyceride, which was found in mammalian (Levine et al, 1975;Flynn et al, 1975;Ishizuka et al, 1978) and fish brains (Ishizuka et al, 1978;Tamai et al, 1982) was not detected in frog brain. We obtained a ganglioside level higher than that in previous studies on frog brain (Schengrund and Garrigan, 1969;Yu and Ledeen, 1970;Avrova, 1971).…”

Section: Composition Of Glycolipidsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Characteristic Constituents of Glycolipids from Frog Brain and Sciatic Nerve

Saito

Tamai

1983

Journal of Neurochemistry

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Cerebroside, sulfatide, monoglycosyl glyceride, and ester cerebroside were isolated from frog brain and sciatic nerve, and their distribution and chemical constituents were determined. The long-chain base compositions of cerebroside, sulfatide, and ester cerebroside were unique in the presence of branched-base components (5-15% of the total bases) and in the abundance of saturated dihydroxy base components (15-45% of the total). The amount of branched long-chain bases was greater in sciatic nerve than in brain. The hexose composition of the glycolipids consisted entirely of galactose except for brain cerebroside, in which a small amount of glucose was detected. Monogalactosyl glyceride consisted of the diacyl and alkylacyl forms, in a molar ratio of 81:19 for brain and 62:38 for sciatic nerve. The fatty acid composition of glycosphingolipids was characterized by the predominance of hydroxy and nonhydroxy 24:1 acids, and the concentration of 24:0 was extremely low. The proportion of unsaturated fatty acids accounted for 80% of the total. Major fatty acids of monogalactosyl glyceride were palmitic, oleic, stearic, and palmitoleic acids; the highest concentration was that of palmitic acid. Ester cerebroside was separated into three subfractions mainly on the basis of the proportion of hydroxy and nonhydroxy components in the amide-linked fatty acids.

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Section: Composition Of Glycolipidsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Characteristic Constituents of Glycolipids from Frog Brain and Sciatic Nerve

Saito

Tamai

1983

Journal of Neurochemistry

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“…Thereafter, two fractions containing free fatty acids and digitonin-precipitable sterols, respectively, were obtained as described previously (Lopes-Cardozo and Klein, 1984). Sulphatides were extracted as described by Flynn et al (1975).…”

Section: Metabolic Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of exogenous fatty acids on lipid synthesis, marker‐enzymes, and development of glial cells maintained in serum‐free culture

Sykes

Lopes‐Cardozo

1990

Glia

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Glial cells were isolated from the cerebra of 7-day-old rats and maintained in culture in a chemically defined medium that favours the development of oligodendrocytes. Acetate, butyrate, or albumin-bound hexanoate, octanoate, decanoate, laurate, myristate, palmitate, oleate, linoleate, or arachidonate was added to the culture medium. The incorporation of [3H]acetate into fatty acids and cholesterol and [35S]sulphate into sulphatide, and the activities of the oligodendrocyte marker enzymes 2',3'-cyclic-nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase and glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase were measured. The composition of the glial cell population (the number of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes) in these cultures was studied by immunocytochemistry. Results show that 1) long-chain fatty acids depress the synthesis of fatty acids, cholesterol, and sulphatide; and 2) the presence of long-chain, in contrast to short-chain, fatty acids in the culture medium lowers the activities of 2',3'-cyclic-nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase and glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase and decreases the number of oligodendrocytes. Our results suggest that long-chain fatty acids exert a negative influence on the development of oligodendrocytes in the culture system used.

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“…To determine the percentage of label incorporated into sulfogalactosyl diacylglycerols (SGDG) , a portion of the lipid extract was subjected to mild alkaline hydrolysis (20 min, 37°C in 0.2 M KOH in 90% (v/v) methanol) as described by Flynn et al (1975). The mixture was then acidified and extracted with petroleum ether (b.p.…”

Section: Enzyme Assays and Radioactive Incubationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of insulin and‐like growth factor (IGF‐I)on oligodendrocyte‐enriched glial culture

Pal

Koper

Golde

et al. 1988

J of Neuroscience Research

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The brains from 1-week-old rat pups were used to prepare cultures of glial cells. After 24 hr in culture the cells were changed to a chemically defined serum-free medium (CDM). We have used antibodies against gangliosides (monoclonals A2B5 and LB1) and against galactocerebrosides to monitor the influence of insulin on the development of oligodendrocytes from precursor cells. In these oligodendrocyte-enriched cultures we investigated the influence of insulin and IGF-I on the activity of the marker enzymes 2',3'-cyclic-nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNPase) and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH), and on lipid metabolism. 1) Incorporation of [35S] sulfate into sulfolipids was stimulated by insulin (optimal concentration 100 nM). A sharp peak in sulfolipid synthesis was seen at day 5-6 in culture. 2) Insulin stimulated the expression of CNPase and G3PDH in culture. 3) The stimulating effect of insulin on sulfolipid synthesis, CNPase, and G3PDH activity was mimicked by IGF-I (13 nM). 4) The incorporation of [35S] into sulfolipids and [2-3H]acetate into fatty acids and cholesterol was reversibly reduced by temporary omission of insulin from the medium. These results indicate that insulin and IGF-I stimulate the development of oligodendrocytes in our culture system and that insulin has a general anabolic effect on the lipid metabolism of the cells.

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Sulfogalactosyl diacylglycerol: Occurrence and biosynthesis of a novel lipid in rat brain

Cited by 41 publications

References 11 publications

Characteristic Constituents of Glycolipids from Frog Brain and Sciatic Nerve

Characteristic Constituents of Glycolipids from Frog Brain and Sciatic Nerve

Effect of exogenous fatty acids on lipid synthesis, marker‐enzymes, and development of glial cells maintained in serum‐free culture

Effects of insulin and‐like growth factor (IGF‐I)on oligodendrocyte‐enriched glial culture

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