Sulfides, Polysulfides, and Sulfanes

Lange, Ludwig; Triebel, W.

doi:10.1002/14356007.a25_443

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…It has been known that a solid Na 2 S 3 phase is unstable, and the composition Na 2 S 3 consists of a mixture of Na 2 S 2 and Na 2 S 4 . 46,47) Crystal structure of Na 2 S 3 1NH 3 having S 3 chains has been experimentally reported, 48) though reports of pure Na 2 S 3 crystal data cannot be found. In the range of Na concentrations lower than 2/3 (see Fig.…”

Section: ¡-Smentioning

confidence: 99%

First-Principles Study on Structural and Electronic Properties of α-S and Na–S Crystals

2014

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Several Na-S solid phases have been considered to be produced in low-temperature Na/S batteries during chargedischarge reactions. We study structural and electronic properties of ¡-S and Na 2 S x (x = 1, 2, 4, and 5) crystals using first-principles calculations. Calculated structural properties are in good agreement with experiments, and the van der Waals interactions have an essential role on the cohesive properties in ¡-S. The results of energetics and electronic structures show that all the calculated Na-S crystal phases are insulating and are stable relative to the elemental Na and S phases. We estimate voltage curves as a function of the Na concentration in the S-cathode of all-solid Na/S batteries, showing mainly three voltage regions at 2.

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Section: ¡-Smentioning

confidence: 99%

First-Principles Study on Structural and Electronic Properties of α-S and Na–S Crystals

2014

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“…Considering the fact that Na 2 S was not detected on fresh DAL, Na 2 S was suggested to be formed by reduction of sulfate or sulfonate groups presented in the dealkaline lignin. It is reported that the reduction of sulfate or sulfonate groups takes place at a temperature range of 750–790 °C in an endothermic manner . An apparent weight loss at the same temperature range in an endothermic manner on the TGA-DTA analysis of fresh DAL was observed (Figure S1a).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Utilization of Dealkaline Lignin as a Source of Sodium-Promoted MoS₂/Mo₂C Hybrid Catalysts for Hydrogen Production from Formic Acid

Kurnia

Yoshida

Situmorang

et al. 2019

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Dealkaline lignin (DAL) was used as a carbon and sulfur source to prepare MoS2/Mo2C-based catalysts (Mo-DAL) with a facile impregnation-pyrolysis two-step process for the hydrogen production from the formic acid decomposition. Comparison of the catalytic performance of the Mo-DAL catalyst with the carbon black-based one (Mo2C-CB) revealed that the Mo-DAL catalyst exhibited superior activity to the Mo2C-CB catalyst. When 20 wt % of Mo was loaded on DAL, the catalyst produced hydrogen quite selectively (99.2%) with almost complete conversion of formic acid (97.4%) at 220 °C. In addition, the catalyst showed stable activity for at least 50 h in these conditions. This catalytic activity and hydrogen selectivity are superior to the other reported nonprecious metal catalysts. Since DAL contains not only carbon but also sodium and sulfur species, multiple kinds of active sites such as Na-intercalated MoS2, MoS2, and β-Mo2C were formed on the Mo-DAL catalysts. Investigation of additional effects of sulfur and sodium species on the Mo-CB catalyst revealed that both activity and selectivity for H2 production was improved by adding those elements. Thus, this study provides a new viewpoint to utilize waste dealkaline lignin as a precursor of sustainable and selective precious metal-free hydrogen production catalysts for formic acid decomposition.

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“…The DEDC ligand acting as a nucleophile may assist in the cleavage of S-S bonds and C-C double bonds, creating polysulfide anions which is a potential reactive intermediate. 59 Polysulfide anions could easily be generated by the reaction of sulfur and Na 2 S. 60,61 Dodd et al 37 detailed discussed the role of polysulfide anion in catalytic inverse vulcanization. Here, we add some more details about polysulfides.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The exploration of the inverse vulcanization mechanism of tung oil by controlling the oxygen and moisture presence during reactions

Lyu

2023

Polymers and Polymer Composites

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Inverse vulcanization is a cost-effective method for producing high sulfur-content copolymers by combining elemental sulfur with organic monomers, which has rapidly gained popularity due to its simplicity of synthesis and wide range of applications. Although numerous examples of sulfur-rich copolymers have been synthesized at different reaction rates and temperatures using various monomers, the precise reaction mechanism remains unclear. In this paper, we used tung oil containing conjugated triene as a monomer to synthesize sulfur-rich copolymers under six different reaction conditions and investigate the effects of oxygen and moisture. Our study, which employed DSC, XRD, 1H NMR, and XPS characterization methods, revealed that oxygen accelerated the reaction rate and decreased the free sulfur content of the products, while moisture shortened the gel times but increased the free sulfur content. These findings confirm that reverse vulcanization involves two simultaneous mechanisms: the free radical mechanism and the anion mechanism. With regard to the radical mechanism, we discuss the source, ease, and reactivity of radicals and show that the creation of radicals depends on the second monomer rather than sulfur. Tung oil not only acts as a comonomer in the reaction but also plays an initiating role in promoting the dissociation of sulfur chains to generate free radicals for addition of non-conjugated double bonds. The effect of the anion mechanism exceeds that of the radical mechanism once certain factors are stimulated, such as the presence of metal ions and sulfide ions. Understanding the detailed mechanisms involved in inverse vulcanization is essential for selecting optimal monomers, which can enhance not only the synthesis process but also the properties of sulfur-rich materials.

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Sulfides, Polysulfides, and Sulfanes

Abstract: The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Physical and Chemical Properties of Compounds of th… Show more

Cited by 6 publications

References 85 publications

First-Principles Study on Structural and Electronic Properties of α-S and Na–S Crystals

First-Principles Study on Structural and Electronic Properties of α-S and Na–S Crystals

Utilization of Dealkaline Lignin as a Source of Sodium-Promoted MoS₂/Mo₂C Hybrid Catalysts for Hydrogen Production from Formic Acid

The exploration of the inverse vulcanization mechanism of tung oil by controlling the oxygen and moisture presence during reactions

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Sulfides, Polysulfides, and Sulfanes

Abstract: The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Physical and Chemical Properties of Compounds of th… Show more

Cited by 6 publications

References 85 publications

First-Principles Study on Structural and Electronic Properties of α-S and Na–S Crystals

First-Principles Study on Structural and Electronic Properties of α-S and Na–S Crystals

Utilization of Dealkaline Lignin as a Source of Sodium-Promoted MoS2/Mo2C Hybrid Catalysts for Hydrogen Production from Formic Acid

The exploration of the inverse vulcanization mechanism of tung oil by controlling the oxygen and moisture presence during reactions

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Utilization of Dealkaline Lignin as a Source of Sodium-Promoted MoS₂/Mo₂C Hybrid Catalysts for Hydrogen Production from Formic Acid