Sulfide mineralogy at the main magnetite layer, upper zone, eastern Bushveld Complex, and the effect of hydrothermal processes on pentlandite composition

Harney, Dirk M. W.; Merkle, R. K. W.

doi:10.1127/ejm/4/3/0557

ejm

1992

DOI: 10.1127/ejm/4/3/0557

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Sulfide mineralogy at the main magnetite layer, upper zone, eastern Bushveld Complex, and the effect of hydrothermal processes on pentlandite composition

Dirk M. W. Harney

R. K. W. Merkle²

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“…The observed ranges in compositions of pyrrhotite, troilite and pentlandite are especially prominent (Figures 18 and 19). The Fe content of pyrrhotite tends to correlate positively with the Fe:Ni ratio of the coexisting pentlandite, as previously reported in other deposits [34,35]. The observed trend of Ni-enrichment in pentlandite (Figure 19) may reflect a progressive rise in the level of sulfur fugacity, f S 2 (cf.…”

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confidence: 84%

Atypical Mineralization Involving Pd-Pt, Au-Ag, REE, Y, Zr, Th, U, and Cl-F in the Oktyabrsky Deposit, Norilsk Complex, Russia

Barkov

Nikulin

et al. 2021

Minerals

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Highly atypical mineralization involving Pd-Pt, Au-Ag, REE, Y, Zr, U, Th, and Cl-F-enriched minerals is found in zones with base metal sulfides (BMS; ~5 vol.% to 20 vol.%) in the eastern portion of the Oktyabrsky deposit in the Norilsk complex (Russia). The overall variations in Mg# index, 100 Mg/(Mg + Fe2+ + Mn), in host-rock minerals are 79.8 → 74.1 in olivine, 77.7 → 65.3 in orthopyroxene, 79.9 → 9.2 in clinopyroxene, and An79.0 → An3.7. The span of clinopyroxene and plagioclase compositions reflects their protracted crystallization from early magmatic to late interstitial associations. The magnesian chromite (Mg# 43.9) trends towards Cr-bearing magnetite with progressive buildups in oxygen fugacity; ilmenite varies from early Mg-rich to late Mn-rich variants. The main BMS are chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, troilite, and Co-bearing pentlandite, with less abundant cubanite (or isocubanite), rare bornite, Co-bearing pyrite, Cd-bearing sphalerite (or wurtzite), altaite, members of the galena-clausthalite series and nickeline. A full series of Au-Ag alloy compositions is found with minor hessite, acanthite and argentopentlandite. The uncommon assemblage includes monazite-(Ce), thorite-coffinite, thorianite, uraninite, zirconolite, baddeleyite, zircon, bastnäsite-(La), and an unnamed metamict Y-dominant zirconolite-related mineral. About 20 species of PGM (platinum group minerals) were analyzed, including Pd-Pt tellurides, bismuthotellurides, bismuthides and stannides, Pd antimonides and plumbides, a Pd-Ag telluride, a Pt arsenide, a Pd-Ni arsenide, and unnamed Pd stannide-arsenide, Pd germanide-arsenide and Pt-Cu arseno-oxysulfide. The atypical assemblages are associated with Cl-rich annite with up to 7.54 wt.% Cl, Cl-rich hastingsite with up 4.06 wt.% Cl, ferro-hornblende (2.53 wt.% Cl), chlorapatite (>6 wt.% Cl) and extensive solid solutions of chlorapatite, fluorapatite and hydroxylapatite, Cl-bearing members of the chlorite group (chamosite; up to 0.96 wt.% Cl), and a Cl-bearing serpentine (up to 0.79 wt.% Cl). A decoupling of Cl and F in the geochemically evolved system is evident. The complex assemblages formed late from Cl-enriched fluids under subsolidus conditions of crystallization following extensive magmatic differentiation in the ore-bearing sequences.

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confidence: 84%

Atypical Mineralization Involving Pd-Pt, Au-Ag, REE, Y, Zr, Th, U, and Cl-F in the Oktyabrsky Deposit, Norilsk Complex, Russia

Barkov

Nikulin

et al. 2021

Minerals

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Ore-forming processes in the upper part of the Bushveld complex, South Africa

Harne

Gruenewaldt

1995

Journal of African Earth Sciences

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Fundamentals of pentlandite mineralogy and its effect on its electrochemical behaviour

Marape

Vermaak

2012

Minerals Engineering

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Sulfide mineralogy at the main magnetite layer, upper zone, eastern Bushveld Complex, and the effect of hydrothermal processes on pentlandite composition

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Atypical Mineralization Involving Pd-Pt, Au-Ag, REE, Y, Zr, Th, U, and Cl-F in the Oktyabrsky Deposit, Norilsk Complex, Russia

Atypical Mineralization Involving Pd-Pt, Au-Ag, REE, Y, Zr, Th, U, and Cl-F in the Oktyabrsky Deposit, Norilsk Complex, Russia

Ore-forming processes in the upper part of the Bushveld complex, South Africa

Fundamentals of pentlandite mineralogy and its effect on its electrochemical behaviour

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