Sulfhydryl Functionalized Magnetic Chitosan as an Efficient Adsorbent for High-Performance Removal of Cd(II) from Water: Adsorption Isotherms, Kinetic, and Reusability Studies

Abstract

In this study, dimercaptosuccinic acid-functionalized magnetic chitosan (Fe3O4@CS@DMSA) was synthesized via in situ coprecipitation process and amidation reaction, aiming to eliminate cadmium (Cd(II)) ions from an aqueous environment. The structure, morphology, and particle size of the Fe3O4@CS@DMSA adsorbent were investigated using FTIR, TEM, EDX, TGA, zeta potential, and XRD techniques, and the obtained results approved the successful synthesis of the Fe3O4@CS@DMSA nanocomposite. The influence of external adsorption conditions such as pH solution, adsorbent mass, initial Cd(II) concentration, temperature, and contact time on the adsorption process was successfully achieved. Accordingly, pH: 7.6, contact time: 210 min, and adsorbent mass:10 mg were found to be the optimal conditions for best removal. The adsorption was analyzed using nonlinear isotherm and kinetic models. The outcomes revealed that the adsorption process obeyed the Langmuir and the pseudo-first-order models. The maximum adsorption capacity of Fe3O4@CS@DMSA toward Cd(II) ion was 314.12 mg/g. The adsorption mechanism of Cd(II) on Fe3O4@CS@DMSA nanocomposite is the electrostatic interaction. The reusability test of Fe3O4@CS@DMSA nanocomposite exhibited that the adsorption efficiency was 72% after the 5th cycle. Finally, this research indicates that the Fe3O4@CS@DMSA exhibited excellent characteristics such as high adsorption capacity, effective adsorption-desorption results, and easy magnetic separation and thus could be an effective adsorbent for removing Cd(II) ions from aqueous solutions.

Mesoporous activated carbon prepared from waste fibers and their application on removing iron (II) ions from aqueous solution: Adsorption isotherm, kinetics, and thermodynamic studies

“…The percent removal of Fe(II) increased to 98.67% and 68.50% by increasing the amounts of ACWCF and ACWP to 0.03 g, respectively, then it was almost constant up to 0.05 g. The improvement in removal efficiency with increasing amounts of sorbents is due to the increasing of active sites available on adsorbents for binding with Fe(II) ions, thus increasing the adsorption process [46]. Conversely, the adsorption capacities reduced with increasing the amounts of adsorbents, which may be due to the adsorption capacity being inversely proportional to the adsorbent mass as per equation (Equation ( 1)) [47].…”

Recent Application Prospects of Chitosan Based Composites for the Metal Contaminated Wastewater Treatment

“…[ 93 , 98 ]. Algethami et al [ 104 ] reported that HCl (91.3%) was the best eluent for the desorption of Cd(II) compared to that of CH 3 COOH (47.48%) and HNO3 (87.26%).…”

Chitosan-based Biogenic Nanoparticles for Wastewater Remediation: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications - A Review

“…One approach involves the synthesis of chitosan-QD hybrid nanoparticles through electrostatic interactions or covalent bonding. The resulting chitosan-QD nanoparticles can effectively adsorb heavy metals and organic pollutants, while the QDs provide a fluorescence-based detection platform for monitoring pollutant concentrations in real-time81 .vi. Clay Nanoparticles: Clay nanoparticles, such as montmorillonite and halloysite, possess a high surface area and a layered structure, making them suitable for pollutant adsorption.Chitosan-based biogenic nanoparticles incorporating clay nanoparticles have been developed for wastewater treatment.…”