Sulfated Alginates as Heparin Analogues: A Review of Chemical and Functional Properties

Arlov, Øystein; Skjåk‐Bræk, Gudmund

doi:10.3390/molecules22050778

Cited by 55 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 85 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Sulfated polysaccharides have previously shown anti-proliferative and anti-migratory effects on cancerous cells cultured in 2D, which is in agreement with our findings [41,42]. Alginate is a linear polysaccharide and has the same backbone as GAGs with hydroxyl groups that can be sulfated using different sulfating agents, such as SO 3 /pyridine and HClSO 3 acid formamide [27][28][29]31]. Synthesized sulfated alginates mimic sulfated GAGs by binding to GFs [36].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Anti-Tumor Effects of Biomimetic Sulfated Glycosaminoglycans on Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells in 2D and 3D In Vitro Models

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Lung cancer development relies on cell proliferation and migration, which in turn requires interaction with extracellular matrix (ECM) components such as glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). The mechanisms through which GAGs regulate cancer cell functions are not fully understood but they are, in part, mediated by controlled interactions with cytokines and growth factors (GFs). In order to mechanistically understand the effect of the degree of sulfation (DS) of GAGs on lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cells, we synthesized sulfated alginate (AlgSulf) as sulfated GAG mimics with DS = 0.0, 0.8, 2.0, and 2.7. Human (H1792) and mouse (MDA-F471) LUAD cell lines were treated with AlgSulf of various DSs at two concentrations 10 and 100 µg/mL and their anti-tumor properties were assessed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), trypan blue exclusion, and wound healing assays for 2D models and sphere formation assay for the 3D model. The proliferation and number of live MDA-F471 cells at the concentration of 100 µg/mL decreased significantly with the increase in the DS of biomimetic GAGs. In addition, the increase in the DS of biomimetic GAGs decreased cell migration (p < 0.001 for DS = 2.0 and 2.7 compared to control) and decreased the diameter and number of spheres formed (p < 0.001). The increased DS of biomimetic GAGs attenuated the expression of cancer stem cell (CSC)/progenitor markers in the 3D cultures. In conclusion, GAG-mimetic AlgSulf with increased DS exhibit enhanced anti-proliferative and migratory properties while also reducing growth of KRAS-mutant LUAD spheres in vitro. We suggest that these anti-tumor effects by GAG-mimetic AlgSulf are possibly due to differential binding to GFs and consequential decreased cell stemness. AlgSulf may be suitable for applications in cancer therapy after further in vivo validation.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Anti-Tumor Effects of Biomimetic Sulfated Glycosaminoglycans on Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells in 2D and 3D In Vitro Models

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Heparin and alginate hence are both linear, β-1,4-linked C5-uronans. However, sulfated alginates analogous to heparin, whereas being artificially synthesized for biotechnological uses [60–62], have not been reported in nature. The latter is in line with a lack of sulfatases in the alginate PULs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polysaccharide utilization loci of North Sea Flavobacteriia as basis for using SusC/D-protein expression for predicting major phytoplankton glycans

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Marine algae convert a substantial fraction of fixed carbon dioxide into various polysaccharides. Flavobacteriia that are specialized on algal polysaccharide degradation feature genomic clusters termed polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs). As knowledge on extant PUL diversity is sparse, we sequenced the genomes of 53 North Sea Flavobacteriia and obtained 400 PULs. Bioinformatic PUL annotations suggest usage of a large array of polysaccharides, including laminarin, α-glucans, and alginate as well as mannose-, fucose-, and xylose-rich substrates. Many of the PULs exhibit new genetic architectures and suggest substrates rarely described for marine environments. The isolates' PUL repertoires often differed considerably within genera, corroborating ecological niche-associated glycan partitioning. Polysaccharide uptake in Flavobacteriia is mediated by SusCD-like transporter complexes. Respective protein trees revealed clustering according to polysaccharide specificities predicted by PUL annotations. Using the trees, we analyzed expression of SusC/D homologs in multiyear phytoplankton bloom-associated metaproteomes and found indications for profound changes in microbial utilization of laminarin, α-glucans, β-mannan, and sulfated xylan. We hence suggest the suitability of SusC/D-like transporter protein expression within heterotrophic bacteria as a proxy for the temporal utilization of discrete polysaccharides.

show abstract

“…The alginic materials also have an antacid action and for this reason, antacid drugs have been developed for gastric syndromes [26]. The chemical structure of alginates is also similar to some drug formulations including that of heparin, and may have a similar effect [27]. Knowledge of alginate chemical structures and functionality are known to be important parameters in the design of alginate-based matrices for cell cultures [28].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alginate Materials and Dental Impression Technique: A Current State of the Art and Application to Dental Practice

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hydrocolloids were the first elastic materials to be used in the dental field. Elastic impression materials include reversible (agar-agar), irreversible (alginate) hydrocolloids and synthetic elastomers (polysulfides, polyethers, silicones). They reproduce an imprint faithfully, providing details of a high definition despite the presence of undercuts. With the removal of the impression, being particularly rich in water, the imprints can deform but later adapt to the original shape due to the elastic properties they possess. The advantages of using alginate include the low cost, a better tolerability on the part of the patient, the ease of manipulation, the short time needed for execution, the instrumentation and the very simple execution technique and possibility of detecting a detailed impression (even in the presence of undercuts) in a single step. A comprehensive review of the current literature was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines by accessing the NCBI PubMed database. Authors conducted a search of articles in written in English published from 2008 to 2018. All the relevant studies were included in the search with respect to the characteristics and evolution of new marine derived materials. Much progress has been made in the search for new marine derived materials. Conventional impression materials are different, and especially with the advent of digital technology, they have been suffering from a decline in research attention over the last few years. However, this type of impression material, alginates (derived from marine algae), have the advantage of being among the most used in the dental medical field.

show abstract

Sulfated Alginates as Heparin Analogues: A Review of Chemical and Functional Properties

Cited by 55 publications

References 85 publications

Anti-Tumor Effects of Biomimetic Sulfated Glycosaminoglycans on Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells in 2D and 3D In Vitro Models

Anti-Tumor Effects of Biomimetic Sulfated Glycosaminoglycans on Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells in 2D and 3D In Vitro Models

Polysaccharide utilization loci of North Sea Flavobacteriia as basis for using SusC/D-protein expression for predicting major phytoplankton glycans

Alginate Materials and Dental Impression Technique: A Current State of the Art and Application to Dental Practice

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About