Sulfate resistance of portland-limestone cement systems containing greater than 15% limestone

CALTRANS: Impact of the Use of Portland-Limestone Cement on Concrete Performance as Plain or Reinforced Material

“…Figure 13-1 presents the expansion ratio (PLC/OPC) of mortars with plain cements subjected to sodium sulfate solution according to ASTM C1012 at different amounts of limestone in the mixture [156][157][158][159]. Similarly, Figure 13-2 presents the expansion ratio (PLC/OPC) of mortars with SCMs subjected to sodium sulfate solution according to ASTM C1012 at different amounts of limestone in the mixture [160][161][162][163]. The data in Figure 13-1 and Figure 13-2 include expansion measurements obtained at 6, 12, 18 months of exposure to 50 g/L Na2SO4 solution at 23 o C.…”

Cyclic Polarization of Corrugated Austenitic Stainless Steel Rebars in Acid Rain: Effect of Fly Ash, pH and Steel Type

“…In conjunction with the above postulation, Mehta et al [42], showed improved sulfate resistance of cement pastes containing lignite high-Ca FAs. Tiburzi et al [43] claimed that blending high amounts of class C fly ash with Portland limestone cement leads to an improved performance in a sulfate environment because of the dilution of calcium aluminates and silicates from the cement and the stabilization of ettringite and monocarbonates over monosulfates and calcium aluminate hydrates. The presence of CaCO 3 in fly ash may also benefit the corrosion resistance of concrete, as C-S-H tends to preferentially nucleate on the surface of limestone particles [44].…”