Sulfate reduction is increased in transgenic <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> expressing 5′‐adenylylsulfate reductase from <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>

Tsakraklides, George; Martin, Melinda; Chalam, Radhika; Tarczynski, Mitchell C.; Schmidt, Ahlert; Leustek, Thomas

doi:10.1046/j.1365-313x.2002.01477.x

Cited by 107 publications

(131 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…In that case, the activity of PaAPR was severalfold higher than the native APR activity in maize (Martin et al, 2005) and Arabidopsis (Tsakraklides et al, 2002) wild-type plants. The PaAPR overexpression resulted in relatively low accumulation of toxic sulfite (up to 120 nmol g -1 fresh weight [FW] higher than the wild type; Tsakraklides et al, 2002). Nonetheless, the damages resembled SO 2 -induced lesions (Martin et al, 2005) and are likely the result of long-term sulfite toxicity, whose level exceeded the capacity of the sulfite network to convert sulfite to less toxic metabolites (Tsakraklides et al, 2002).…”

Section: Sulfite Homeostasis In Sir-impaired Tomato Plantsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…The resultant plants exhibited stunted growth, leaf chlorosis, and sectoring with nonchlorophyll tissue, as compared with the wild type (Tsakraklides et al, 2002). In that case, the activity of PaAPR was severalfold higher than the native APR activity in maize (Martin et al, 2005) and Arabidopsis (Tsakraklides et al, 2002) wild-type plants. The PaAPR overexpression resulted in relatively low accumulation of toxic sulfite (up to 120 nmol g -1 fresh weight [FW] higher than the wild type; Tsakraklides et al, 2002).…”

Section: Sulfite Homeostasis In Sir-impaired Tomato Plantsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Thiosulfate can be a product of sulfite detoxification in plants, as it is considered to be less toxic than sulfite (Tsakraklides et al, 2002;Brychkova et al, 2013). Sulfite accumulation in SiR-impaired plants was accompanied by significantly higher levels of thiosulfate than detected in leaves of the wild type, approximately 1.4-to 2.0-fold higher levels in all the leaves of the 1-month-old SIR Ri tomato plants compared with the wild-type plants (Fig.…”

Section: The Impact Of Sir Impairment On Sulfur Metabolism In Tomato mentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The oxidation of sulfite to sulfate is catalyzed by sulfite oxidase (SO; EC 1.8.3.1) and is considered as the main avenue in plant protection against sulfite toxicity (Brychkova et al, 2007;Lang et al, 2007). Sulfur transferases (STs; EC 2.8.1.2) also participate in sulfite detoxification by the synthesis of the less toxic thiosulfate from b-mercaptopyruvate and sulfite (Papenbrock and Schmidt, 2000;Tsakraklides et al, 2002). UDP-sulfoquinovose synthase1 (SQD1; EC 3.13.1.1) utilizes sulfite for the biosynthesis of sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerols (SQDGs; sulfolipids) required for proper function of the photosynthetic membranes (Sanda et al, 2001).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…UDP-sulfoquinovose synthase1 (SQD1; EC 3.13.1.1) utilizes sulfite for the biosynthesis of sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerols (SQDGs; sulfolipids) required for proper function of the photosynthetic membranes (Sanda et al, 2001). The molecular factors and enzymes were shown recently to act as a network in maintaining sulfite homeostasis in plants (Tsakraklides et al, 2002;Brychkova et al, 2013).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Impairment in Sulfite Reductase Leads to Early Leaf Senescence in Tomato Plants

et al. 2014

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Sulfite reductase (SiR) is an essential enzyme of the sulfate assimilation reductive pathway, which catalyzes the reduction of sulfite to sulfide. Here, we show that tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants with impaired SiR expression due to RNA interference (SIR Ri) developed early leaf senescence. The visual chlorophyll degradation in leaves of SIR Ri mutants was accompanied by a reduction of maximal quantum yield, as well as accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde, a product of lipid peroxidation. Interestingly, messenger RNA transcripts and proteins involved in chlorophyll breakdown in the chloroplasts were found to be enhanced in the mutants, while transcripts and their plastidic proteins, functioning in photosystem II, were reduced in these mutants compared with wild-type leaves. As a consequence of SiR impairment, the levels of sulfite, sulfate, and thiosulfate were higher and glutathione levels were lower compared with the wild type. Unexpectedly, in a futile attempt to compensate for the low glutathione, the activity of adenosine-59-phosphosulfate reductase was enhanced, leading to further sulfite accumulation in SIR Ri plants. Increased sulfite oxidation to sulfate and incorporation of sulfite into sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerols were not sufficient to maintain low basal sulfite levels, resulting in accumulative leaf damage in mutant leaves. Our results indicate that, in addition to its biosynthetic role, SiR plays an important role in prevention of premature senescence. The higher sulfite is likely the main reason for the initiation of chlorophyll degradation, while the lower glutathione as well as the higher hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde additionally contribute to premature senescence in mutant leaves.

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Section: Sulfite Homeostasis In Sir-impaired Tomato Plantsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Sulfite Homeostasis In Sir-impaired Tomato Plantsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: The Impact Of Sir Impairment On Sulfur Metabolism In Tomato mentioning

confidence: 94%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impairment in Sulfite Reductase Leads to Early Leaf Senescence in Tomato Plants

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Amino Acids

Hoefgen

Hesse

Galili

2004

Handbook of Plant Biotechnology

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Amino acids perform essential functions in both primary and secondary plant metabolism besides their obvious role in protein synthesis. They can be categorised on the basis of their function such as serving to assimilate and transport nitrogen from sources to sinks or serving as precursors for secondary products such as hormones, vitamins, co‐factors and compounds in plant defence. Thus, synthesis of amino acids directly or indirectly controls various aspects of plant growth and development. Recent investigations of genes involved in amino acid biosynthesis reveal that this is a dynamic process controlled by metabolic, environmental and developmental factors including mineral nutrients such as nitrate and sulphate. This chapter intends to provide fundamental knowledge on nitrogen and sulphur metabolism as basis for amino acid biosynthesis and to highlight examples in which combined molecular, biochemical and genetic approaches have helped to define the pathways and uncover regulatory mechanisms of amino acid biosynthesis in plants. These studies have implications for both basic and applied research because amino acid biosynthesis is as well a target for herbicide action as an option to improve the nutritional quality of crops by metabolic engineering and plant breeding.

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Sulfur Metabolism

Takahashi¹

2011

Plant Metabolism and Biotechnology

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Sulfate reduction is increased in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana expressing 5′‐adenylylsulfate reductase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Cited by 107 publications

References 37 publications

Impairment in Sulfite Reductase Leads to Early Leaf Senescence in Tomato Plants

Impairment in Sulfite Reductase Leads to Early Leaf Senescence in Tomato Plants

Amino Acids

Sulfur Metabolism

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