Sulfate formation and extraction from Red soil treated with micronized elemental sulfur fertilizer and incubated in closed and open systems

Hu, Zhengyi; Beatón, J. D.; Cao, Zhaoliang; Henderson, Archibald

doi:10.1081/css-120004822

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Many studies have used laboratory incubations, where soil and environmental variations are carefully controlled, to quantitatively determine the conversion of elemental S fertilizers to sulphate (Chapman 1989(Chapman , 1997He et al 1994;Slaton et al 2001;Wen et al 2001;Hu et al 2002;Solberg et al 2005a, b), but these results are difficult to extrapolate to actual field conditions where precipitation and temperature vary in complex and variable combinations. The binding of inorganic sulphate by the soil made it possible to limit z A single application of P at 30 kg ha (1 (as monoammonium phosphate) was incorporated in the entire plot area a few days prior to the first soil sampling in each trial.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The S fertilizers were a commercial granule of powdered elemental S called SulFer 95, a commercial granule of gypsum and powdered elemental S. The SulFer 95 material was 95% S with a proprietary organic binding agent (lignin) to form the granule that would disintegrate when moistened in the field. This product was developed in the late 1980s and early 1990s in Alberta, and the powder used for formulating the granules has sometimes been referred to as ''micronized'' (Chapman 1989;Hu et al 2002). Early versions of the product were called ''Agric-Grade 0-0-0-95'' and ''Turf-Grade 0-0-0-95'' (Malhi et al 2000).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A fine powder is difficult to handle and spread, and its flammability makes it dangerous. To overcome these problems, powdered elemental S has been formed into granules with a binding agent (Hu et al 2002). The effectiveness of these fertilizers depends on the ability of the granules to break down prior to the elemental S oxidizing to sulphate, which can then be used by plants.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Solberg et al (2003) assessed elemental S fertilizers by measuring the increase of sulphate in 0.01 M calcium chloride extracts of soil in field fallow trials in Alberta. Hu et al (2002), however, found they needed to use 0.01 M calcium phosphate to extract sulphate from Chinese soils because of its ability to adsorb sulphate. Kowalenko (2008) has shown that a significant quantity of organic sulphate is extracted by commonly used soil test solutions.…”

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Changes in soil extractable sulphate under field fallow conditions after application of three contrasting sulphur fertilizers

Kowalenko¹

2009

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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Kowalenko, C. G. 2009. Changes in soil extractable sulphate under field fallow conditions after application of three contrasting sulphur fertilizers. Can. J. Soil Sci. 89: 501Á510. A field fallow soil monitoring method was used to evaluate the time of appearance of inorganic sulphate-S from two types of fertilizer S, elemental and sulphate, under the humid weather conditions of coastal British Columbia. In addition to both these types being applied as commercially produced granules, elemental S was applied as a powder. All three S-fertilizers were surface applied, but not incorporated as would likely occur when applied to forages. Soil analyses on a control (no S added) showed that there was limited evidence of leaching of sulphate beyond 30 cm. This meant sampling the soil to 30 cm depth was sufficient to examine the effect of a single spring application of the fertilizer over a full year. Differences in appearance of sulphate in the soil from the three fertilizer sources were distinguished by soil analyses, but the relatively large variability of the measurements limited the precision of time differentiation. The recovery calculations showed that inorganic sulphate from the fertilizers changed to another form (assumed to be organic S) as the season progressed. Maximum recovery of the granulated gypsum fertilizer (62Á80%) was greater than for powdered elemental S (36Á65%), which was slightly greater than for the SulFer 95 granulated elemental S fertilizer (33Á48%).Key words: Elemental S, granulated S, gypsum, S fertilizers, extractable inorganic sulphate Kowalenko, C. G. 2009. É volution de la quantite´de sulfate extractible du sol dans un champ en jache`re apre`s application de trois engrais soufre´s contrastants. Can. J. Soil Sci. 89: 501Á510. L'auteur a recouru a`une technique de surveillance dans un champ en jache`re pour de´terminer quand le S-sulfate inorganique issu de deux types d'engrais soufre´s (S e´le´mentaire et sulfate) se manifeste dans les conditions humides particulie`res au climat de la re´gion coˆtie`re de la Colombie-Britannique. Outre les deux engrais, applique´s sous la forme des granules vendus dans le commerce, l'auteur a e´pandu du S e´le´mentaire en poudre sur le sol. Les trois engrais ont e´te´applique´s en surface sans incorporation au sol, comme cela se produirait si on les utilisait sur des cultures fourrage`res. L'analyse du sol de la parcelle te´moin (sans addition de S) indique qu'il y a peu de lixiviation du sulfate au-dela`de 30 cm. Par conse´quent, il est inutile de pre´lever des e´chantillons ap lus de 30 cm de profondeur pour ve´rifier l'incidence d'une application unique d'engrais au printemps, tout au long de l'anne´e. L'analyse du sol permet d'e´tablir quand le sulfate des trois engrais surgit dans le sol, mais la variabiliteŕ elativement importante des mesures ne permet pas de pre´ciser e´norme´ment cette diffe´renciation dans le temps. Les quantite´s re´cupe´re´es indiquent que le sulfate inorganique des engrais adopte une autre forme (sans doute des compose´s organiq...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Changes in soil extractable sulphate under field fallow conditions after application of three contrasting sulphur fertilizers

Kowalenko¹

2009

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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“…However, commercial ES fertilizers are usually in granular form because of safety and practical considerations (Chien et al, 2011) (e.g., in the form of ES-fortified ammoniated phosphate fertilizers or as pastilles of ES particles bound together by bentonite). Several studies have indicated that oxidation of such granular fertilizers containing ES particles is slower than that of ES particles of the same size mixed through soil (Friesen, 1996;Hu et al, 2002). Friesen (1996) found that the oxidation rate of ES in triple superphosphate (TSP) containing 160 g kg −1 ES decreased with increasing granule size.…”

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Effect of Cogranulation on Oxidation of Elemental Sulfur: Theoretical Model and Experimental Validation

Degryse

Silva

Baird

et al. 2016

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

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Most studies on elemental sulfur (Es) oxidation have focused on small Es particles mixed through soil, even though commercial Es fertilizers are usually in granular form. Although it has been recognized that cogranulation of Es decreases its oxidation rate, no attempt has been made to quantify this effect. We developed a conceptual model that predicts the "effective diameter" (the diameter of Es particles mixed through soil that would oxidize at the same rate as the granulated Es) by taking into account the effect of granulation on the effective surface area available to the Es in the granule cavity after the soluble macronutrient compound in the fertilizer has diffused away. To validate the model, the oxidation rate was determined for Es-fortified monoammonium phosphate fertilizer with varying Es content (20-250 g kg −1 ), Es particle diameter (25 or 60 mm), and granule diameter (1.8 or 3.4 mm). The time to reach 50% oxidation varied from 17 d for small granules at the lowest Es content to 210 d for the large granules with the highest Es content. In agreement with the model predictions, reducing Es particle size did not affect the oxidation rate except at the lowest Es rate, whereas reducing granule size increased the oxidation rate. Predicted and observed oxidation rates were in good agreement, indicating that the model describes the effect of granulation with reasonable accuracy. This model may assist in improving formulation of Es-containing fertilizers and guiding fertilizer recommendations.Abbreviations: ES, elemental sulfur; MAP, monoammonium phosphate; TSP, triple superphosphate. E lemental sulfur (ES) is a common S fertilizer source. Elemental S is insoluble in water and hence is not susceptible to leaching and also has the benefit of lower transport/handling costs because it is the most concentrated form of S. However, ES only becomes available to plants when it is oxidized to sulfate (Boswell and Friesen, 1993). Knowledge of the factors that affect ES oxidation is hence required to develop fertilizer recommendations for ES-containing fertilizers.The oxidation of ES particles is affected by biological, fertilizer, and soil-related factors (Germida and Janzen, 1993). Because ES oxidation is a biologically mediated process, it is strongly influenced by temperature. Janzen and Bettany (1987a) assessed ES oxidation in six soils in Saskatchewan, Canada, at temperatures ranging between 3 and 30°C and found Q 10 values (factor increase per 10°C increase) ranging from 3.2 to 4.3. Oxidation of ES is a surficial process, and the rate of oxidation is therefore proportional to the specific surface area of the ES particles. Soil properties also affect the oxidation rate, likely through their effect on the composition and abundance of the microbial community. For instance, Zhao et al. (2015) found that the surface-based oxidation rate of ES in 10 Australian soils ranged between 5 and 52 mg cm −2 d −1 and was positively correlated with the pH and organic matter content of the soil.

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The effect of elemental sulfur fertilization on plant yields and soil properties

Kulczycki

2021

Advances in Agronomy

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Sulfate formation and extraction from Red soil treated with micronized elemental sulfur fertilizer and incubated in closed and open systems

Cited by 13 publications

References 20 publications

Changes in soil extractable sulphate under field fallow conditions after application of three contrasting sulphur fertilizers

Changes in soil extractable sulphate under field fallow conditions after application of three contrasting sulphur fertilizers

Effect of Cogranulation on Oxidation of Elemental Sulfur: Theoretical Model and Experimental Validation

The effect of elemental sulfur fertilization on plant yields and soil properties

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