SULEV Emission Technologies for a Five Cylinder N/A Engine

Marsh, Per; Gottberg, Ingemar; Thorn, Karin; Lundgren, Mats; Acke, Filip; Wirmark, G.

doi:10.4271/2000-01-0894

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…More recently, it has undergone extensive development as a potential hydrogengeneration technology for fuel cell powered vehicles [2,3]. However, since the move toward the use of hydrogen as the primary fuel for mobile fuel cells, on-board reforming is once again being targeted mainly at conventional vehicles [4,5]. Among the most promising technologies is a combination of reforming and exhaust-gas recirculation (referred to as REGR), which allows the fuel/air feed to the engine to be enriched with reformate ( Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity of process efficiency to reaction routes in exhaust-gas reforming of diesel fuel

Tsolakis

Golunski

2006

Chemical Engineering Journal

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity of process efficiency to reaction routes in exhaust-gas reforming of diesel fuel

Tsolakis

Golunski

2006

Chemical Engineering Journal

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“…A more detailed investigation into the actual surface activities in a TWC washcoat would be necessary to draw conclusions about any potential relation of this observation to trends previously reported in oxygenrich exhaust environments [13], [42], where small levels of H2 resulted in the most significant effect on the light-off performance of oxidation catalysts and was not solely attributable to the exothermic gain through H2 oxidation. However, the positive effect of H2 addition on light-off time and temperature could potentially be beneficial in reaching TWC light-off quicker after engine start [12], [43]. It is tentatively suggested that the significant improvement in NOx reduction (Figure 4 c) is potentially caused by H2 as a direct reductant of NOx, as well as indirectly through increased competition for the available oxygen and thus promoting reduction of NOx by CO and THC.…”

Section: Figure 3: Pre-twc and Mean Brick Temperature Profiles For DImentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of Exhaust Gas Hydrogen Addition and Oxygenated Fuel Blends on the Light-Off Performance of a Three-Way Catalyst

Kärcher¹,

Hellier²,

Ladommatos³

2019

SAE Technical Paper Series

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A significant amount of harmful emissions pass unreacted through catalytic after-treatment devices for IC engines before the light-off temperature is reached, despite the high conversion efficiency of these systems in fully warm conditions. Further tightening of fleet targets and worldwide emission regulations will make a faster catalyst light-off to meet legislated standards hence reduce the impact of road transport on air quality even more critical. This work investigates the effect of adding hydrogen (H2) at levels up to 2500 ppm into the exhaust gases produced by combustion of various oxygenated C2-, C4-and renewable fuel molecules blended at 20 % wt/wt with gasoline on the light-off performance of a commercially available three-way catalyst (TWC) (0.61 L, Pd/Rh/Pt-19/5/1, 15g). The study was conducted on a modified naturally aspirated, 1.4 L, four-cylinder, direct-injected, spark-ignition engine. The experiments were performed at the steady-state condition of 1600 r/min and BMEP of 3.6 bar, derived from a time-based load distribution of a WLTC cycle simulation, with levels of gaseous pollutants, particulate matter and hydrogen measured both upstream and downstream of the TWC. Low-level H2 addition reduced the TWC light-off temperature of CO, THC and NOx, and decreased the time to reach steady particulate number/ mass levels post-TWC. The presence of C2-(ethanol, acetaldehyde, diethyl ether) and C4-(1-butanol, butyraldehyde, 2-butanone, methyl tert-butyl ether) molecules displayed minimal impact on the conversion efficiencies relative to operating the engine with pure reference gasoline. Linalool and γ-valerolactone blends displayed a slight increase in light-off temperature and produced elevated levels of particulates pre and post catalyst, while 2-methylfuran and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran blends emitted lower levels of particulates. Hydrogen levels post-converter were found to reach almost full conversion after H2 light-off, independent of the amount added, however after CO light-off the conversion of the additional H2 was reduced significantly.

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“…Two important factors must be considered for the capture of HCs: the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent in the trap; and the desorption temperature, which must be above the minimum operating temperature of the catalyst. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] The maximum values of these factors are related to such solids properties as pore size, volume, structure, and surface area. Zeolites have been found to be the preferred adsorbents and the best candidates for this application, mainly due to their stability under severe process conditions and their thermodynamic affinity for absorbing HCs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Placing HC traps before the TWC is the most common approach. Two important factors must be considered for the capture of HCs: the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent in the trap; and the desorption temperature, which must be above the minimum operating temperature of the catalyst . The maximum values of these factors are related to such solids properties as pore size, volume, structure, and surface area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of temperature Ramp on hydrocarbon desorption profiles from zeolite ZSM‐12

et al. 2016

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Zeolite ZSM-12 with different Si:Al molar ratios and one-dimensional channels with 12 oxygen ring apertures (12R) was synthesized and characterized by different techniques such as: X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area (BET), elemental analysis by atomic absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of adsorbed pyridine, and NH 3 temperature-programmed desorption (TPD). The synthesized samples were tested as hydrocarbon (HC) trap adsorbents using toluene and ethylene as heavy and light probe molecules for HCs in the exhaust stream at engine cold-start. High heating rate desorption experiments were performed using the Phytronix Laser Diode Thermal Desorption system (S-960 LDTD) coupled with an Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization (APCI) chamber (Phytronix Technologies, Canada) after adsorption of toluene-ethylene mixtures. Three heating rates, which reflect the actual heating rates of the catalytic muffler, were used for the desorption process: 3 8C/s, 5 8C/s, and 9 8C/s. For all solids considered in this study, the two HCs desorbed above 240 8C, which is the light-off temperature of the three-way catalyst. Ag-ZSM-12 with different Si:Al ratios was found the most appropriate HC trapping adsorbent in spite of its slightly lower adsorption capacity. A high desorption temperature for ethylene and toluene was associated with the large density of strong Lewis acid sites in this solid.

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SULEV Emission Technologies for a Five Cylinder N/A Engine

Cited by 12 publications

References 6 publications

Sensitivity of process efficiency to reaction routes in exhaust-gas reforming of diesel fuel

Sensitivity of process efficiency to reaction routes in exhaust-gas reforming of diesel fuel

Effects of Exhaust Gas Hydrogen Addition and Oxygenated Fuel Blends on the Light-Off Performance of a Three-Way Catalyst

Effect of temperature Ramp on hydrocarbon desorption profiles from zeolite ZSM‐12

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