Suitability of vessels and adsorbents for the short-term storage of biogas/biomethane for the determination of impurities – Siloxanes, sulfur compounds, halogenated hydrocarbons, BTEX

Arrhenius, Karine; Yaghooby, Haleh; Rosell, Lars; Büker, Oliver; Culleton, Lucy P; Bartlett, Sam; Murugan, Arul; Brewer, Paul J.; Lǐ, Jiànróng; Veen, Adriaan M. H. van der; Krom, Iris de; Lestremau, F.; Beránek, J.

doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2017.06.025

Cited by 26 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…VOCs are then quantified using the relative response factors to toluene and external curve (response ratio versus amount ratio) for toluene, with the FID signal. For most of the compounds, their relative response factors to toluene have been determined experimentally during other projects [6] by plotting responses ratio (compound/toluene) against amounts ratio (compound/toluene). For the remaining compounds, their relative response factors to toluene have been determined theoretically using the concept of the effect carbon number [24].…”

Section: Analysis Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The current study focuses on real samples of biogas and biomethane. In a previous study [6] about the storage stability of impurities as siloxanes, sulphur compounds, halogenated and aromatic hydrocarbons, gravimetrically-prepared reference gas standards were stored in the same type of bags. The results were obtained using method 1 and show that satisfactory recovery yields (>90%) were obtained (storage duration < one day).…”

Section: Standard Deviationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…But before this assessment can be made, biogas and/or biomethane need to be sampled and transported to the laboratory. During this step, which can take from some days to up to a week, the composition of the gas collected shall not be altered [6]. This requires accurate and representative sampling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The disadvantages are that the method does not allow enrichment while, with some analytical instruments, the detection limit requires a larger volume of gas to be sampled. Moreover, studies [6,10,17] have shown that a reduction in the concentration may occur when the gas is stored in a bag for a few days. The loss in concentration seems to occur to a greater extent during the initial storage period, during which the inner surfaces become saturated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Methods for Sampling Biogas and Biomethane on Adsorbent Tubes after Collection in Gas Bags

2019

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Biogas is a renewable energy source with many different production pathways and numerous excellent opportunities for use; for example, as vehicle fuel after upgrading (biomethane). Reliable analytical methodologies for assessing the quality of the gas are critical for ensuring that the gas can be used technically and safely. An essential part of any procedure aimed at determining the quality is the sampling and transfer to the laboratory. Sampling bags and sorbent tubes are widely used for collecting biogas. In this study, we have combined these two methods, i.e., sampling in a gas bag before subsequent sampling onto tubes in order to demonstrate that this alternative can help eliminate the disadvantages associated with the two methods whilst combining their advantages; with expected longer storage stability as well as easier sampling and transport. The results of the study show that two parameters need to be taken into account when transferring gas from a bag on to an adsorbent; the water content of the gas and the flow rate used during transfer of the gas on to the adsorbent.

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Section: Analysis Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Standard Deviationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Methods for Sampling Biogas and Biomethane on Adsorbent Tubes after Collection in Gas Bags

2019

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“…Thus, it will be important to study the effect of the compounds considered as impurities that exist in real biogas, besides CH 4 and CO 2 [11,16]. These impurities are classified into four categories: nitrogen compounds, sulfur compounds, terpenes, and other volatile organic compounds (VOCs) [17]. For a better interpretation of the results, it is preferable first to study the effect of a model molecule on catalytic DRM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a Catalyst Durability in Absence and Presence of Toluene Impurity: Case of the Material Co2Ni2Mg2Al2 Mixed Oxide Prepared by Hydrotalcite Route in Methane Dry Reforming to Produce Energy

et al. 2019

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Ni, Co, Mg, and Al mixed-oxide solids, synthesized via the hydrotalcite route, were investigated in previous works toward the dry reforming of methane for hydrogen production. The oxide Co2Ni2Mg2Al2 calcined at 800 °C, Co2Ni2Mg2Al2800, showed the highest catalytic activity in the studied series, which was ascribable to an interaction between Ni and Co, which is optimal for this Co/Ni ratio. In the present study, Co2Ni2Mg2Al2800 was compared to a commercial catalyst widely used in the industry, Ni(50%)/Al2O3, and showed better activity despite its lower number of active sites, as well as lower amounts of carbon on its surface, i.e. less deactivation. In addition to this, Co2Ni2Mg2Al2800 showed stability for 20 h under stream during the dry reforming of methane. This good durability is attributed to a periodic cycle of carbon deposition and removal as well as to the strong interaction between Ni and Co, preventing the deactivation of the catalyst. The evaluation of the catalytic performances in the presence of toluene, which is an impurity that exists in biogas, is also a part of this work. In the presence of toluene, the catalytic activity of Co2Ni2Mg2Al2800 decreases, and higher carbon formation on the catalyst surface is detected. Toluene adsorption on catalytic sites, side reactions performed by toluene, and the competition between toluene and methane in the reaction with carbon dioxide are the main reasons for such results.

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State‐of‐the‐art and challenges in the analysis of renewable gases

Legendre

Jores

Dugay

et al. 2023

J of Separation Science

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The development of renewable and low-carbon gases for injection into the gas grid obtained by different processes such as anaerobic digestion, pyrogasification, hydrothermal gasification, and methanation, followed by upgrading steps, increases the demand for analysis and characterization in order to fully manage their integration into the gas value chain. If the analysis of the main compounds (methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and carbon monoxide) is well described, the analysis of impurities in renewable gases remains more challenging due to their various natures and quantities. After a brief description of renewable and low-carbon methane production processes, the review focuses on the methods used for the analysis of the different compounds in renewable gases, from the main ones to impurities at ppb v levels. Gas chromatography (GC), coupled with different detectors, is the preferred technique, enabling the analysis and quantification of siloxanes, terpenes, oxygenates, and sulfur compounds. Recently, comprehensive two-dimensional GC has been applied to renewable gases, increasing the number of compounds detected. Non-chromatographic techniques are also reviewed. As sampling is of major importance in the search for reliable analyses, a whole section is devoted to this aspect. Among the available methods, pre-concentration on adsorbent tubes emerges as the most relevant solution.

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Suitability of vessels and adsorbents for the short-term storage of biogas/biomethane for the determination of impurities – Siloxanes, sulfur compounds, halogenated hydrocarbons, BTEX

Cited by 26 publications

References 12 publications

Methods for Sampling Biogas and Biomethane on Adsorbent Tubes after Collection in Gas Bags

Methods for Sampling Biogas and Biomethane on Adsorbent Tubes after Collection in Gas Bags

Evaluation of a Catalyst Durability in Absence and Presence of Toluene Impurity: Case of the Material Co2Ni2Mg2Al2 Mixed Oxide Prepared by Hydrotalcite Route in Methane Dry Reforming to Produce Energy

State‐of‐the‐art and challenges in the analysis of renewable gases

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