Suitability of Treated Secondary Sewage Effluent for Irrigation of Horticultural Crops in Botswana

Emongor, V.E.; Khonga, E.B.; Ramolemana, G.M.

doi:10.3923/jas.2005.451.454

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The concentrations of the tested parameters increased significantly (P < 0.001) with increasing effluent concentration, but the nutrients were lower in the soils supporting these plants as compared to the pots without plants irrigated with the same effluent concentrations These results indicate uptake of water-soluble salts and available nutrients from the effluents, through the soil by plants. Similar results have been reported by other authors (Igbounamba, 1972;Emongor et al, 2005).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Many workers have monitored the effects of sewage effluents on the chemical properties of soils, the germination of seeds and growth and development of plants (Bole and Bell, 1978;Feigin et al, 1979;El-Nennah and El-Kobbia, 1983;Hillel et al, 1986;Siebe, 1995;Emongor et al, 2005;Aganga et al, 2005). Other workers have reported significant effects of various industrial and sewage effluents on the chemical composition of different soils and the germination of seeds and growth of different crop plants Aganga et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of municipal sewage effluent on soil and crops cultivated on a hyper-arid zone sandy soil

Voegborlo

Abdulkabir

2007

Jnl Sci Tech

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The effects of sewage effluent from Sebha Municipal Area in the Fezzan region of Libya on certain physicochemical properties of a hyper-arid zone sandy soil and growth of two plants were studied. The soil had been treated daily with 25, 50, 75 and 100% effluent; and barley (Hordeum vulgare) and broad beans (Vicia faba) had been grown on the soils in pots. Soil samples were analysed for water-soluble salts, electrical conductivity, cation exchange capacity, pH, organic matter, sodium, potassium and phosphorus. At all the concentrations of effluent used there was a significant increase in all the soil properties tested. The greatest changes were observed with 100% effluent. The soils supporting crops were found to have lower concentrations of nutrients than those without crops. There was an increase in dry matter production by plants grown in effluent treated soils. The results indicate that sewage effluent could be considered as one of the possible and alternate sources of irrigation water.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of municipal sewage effluent on soil and crops cultivated on a hyper-arid zone sandy soil

Voegborlo

Abdulkabir

2007

Jnl Sci Tech

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“…This table shows essential changes in the average inorganic and COD concentration. The MBR/RO effluent satisfied all reuse conditions required for cooling and irrigation application, and this is consistent with similar studies [ 23 , 24 , 33 , 34 ]. The physiochemical properties of the MBR/NF effluent are suitable for reuse in industrial cooling applications.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The pH of the MBR-UF/NF/RO influent in this study was between 6 and 7, thus presenting a negative charge density on the membrane surface. The primary mechanism of ion rejection by these (UF and NF) membranes is the sieving mechanism [ 24 ]. A solution–diffusion model describes the XLE membrane transport mechanism because of the nominal pore size, where diffusion dominates over convection [ 25 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Removal of Selected Inorganics from Municipal Membrane Bioreactor Wastewater Using UF/NF/RO Membranes for Water Reuse Application: A Pilot-Scale Study

Aziz

Kasongo

2021

Membranes

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Membrane technology has advanced substantially as a preferred choice for the exclusion of widespread pollutants for reclaiming water from various treatment effluent. Currently, little information is available about Ultrafiltration (UF)/Nanofiltration (NF)/Reverse Osmosis (RO) performance at a pilot scale as a practical engineering application. In this study, the effluent from a full-scale membrane bioreactor (MBR) municipal wastewater treatment works (MWWTWs) was treated with an RO pilot plant. The aim was to evaluate the effect of operating conditions in the removal of selected inorganics as a potential indirect water reuse application. The influent pH, flux, and membrane recovery were the operating conditions varied to measure its influence on the rejection rate. MBR/RO exhibited excellent removal rates (>90%) for all selected inorganics and met the standard requirements for reuse in cooling and irrigation system applications. The UF and NF reduction of inorganics was shown to be limited to meet water standards for some of the reuse applications due to the high Electron Conductivity (EC > 250 μS·cm−1) levels. The MBR/NF was irrigation and cooling system compliant, while for the MBR/UF, only the cooling system was compliant.

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“…Its presence was found to aggravate organic fouling phenomenon supposedly via charge neutralization, complexation, and formation of calcium bridges – ,– . Selective removal of calcium ions via pretreatment was suggested to reduce the adverse effect of calcium , . Besides the pretreatment of feedwater and the control of operation parameters, membrane surface modification – is another way to mitigate organic fouling, which involves material synthesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Humic Acid Fouling Mitigation by Antiscalant in Reverse Osmosis System

Qingfeng

Liu

2010

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The mitigation of humic acid (HA) fouling on reverse osmosis (RO) membrane was investigated by using an environmentally benign antiscalant, polyaspartic acid (PASP). In the presence of PASP, HA fouling decreased with increasing Ca(2+) concentration. This positive effect of Ca(2+) was not due to the electrostatic repulsion as measured by zeta potential, but probably due to the formation of a stable water-soluble complex HA-Ca-PASP through Ca(2+) bridging. Fouling inhibition efficiency phi increased with increasing PASP concentration, but overdosing could lead to an adverse effect. At higher feedwater pH, HA fouling was alleviated and the phi was slightly improved. HA fouling increased when increasing initial permeate flux and decreasing cross-flow velocity, but the fouling behaviors became less susceptible to the two hydrodynamic parameters in the presence of PASP. The phi was hardly affected by the initial permeate flux and the cross-flow velocity. HA fouling decreased with decreasing feed temperature in the presence of PASP, likely owing to the improved stability of HA-Ca-PASP at lower temperature. The implication of this paper is that it presented an attractive and feasible approach for organic fouling control in RO system by dosing antiscalant.

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Suitability of Treated Secondary Sewage Effluent for Irrigation of Horticultural Crops in Botswana

Cited by 14 publications

References 1 publication

Effect of municipal sewage effluent on soil and crops cultivated on a hyper-arid zone sandy soil

Effect of municipal sewage effluent on soil and crops cultivated on a hyper-arid zone sandy soil

The Removal of Selected Inorganics from Municipal Membrane Bioreactor Wastewater Using UF/NF/RO Membranes for Water Reuse Application: A Pilot-Scale Study

Humic Acid Fouling Mitigation by Antiscalant in Reverse Osmosis System

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