Suitability of three fluorochrome markers for obtaining in situ growth rates of coralline algae

Lewis, Bonnie; Díaz-Pulido, Guillermo

doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2017.02.004

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…alizarin red or calcein, with calcofluor white penetrating 100’s of microns into CCA P . onkodes in less than 10 minutes [106]. As there is not an impermeable membrane separating the sites of calcification from their ion source, active ion transport is not required.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coralline algal calcification: A morphological and process-based understanding

et al. 2019

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Research purpose and findingsCoralline algae are key biological substrates of many carbonate systems globally. Their capacity to build enduring crusts that underpin the formation of tropical reefs, rhodolith beds and other benthic substrate is dependent on the formation of a calcified thallus. However, this important process of skeletal carbonate formation is not well understood. We undertook a study of cellular carbonate features to develop a model for calcification. We describe two types of cell wall calcification; 1) calcified primary cell wall (PCW) in the thin-walled elongate cells such as central medullary cells in articulated corallines and hypothallial cells in crustose coralline algae (CCA), 2) calcified secondary cell wall (SCW) with radial Mg-calcite crystals in thicker-walled rounded cortical cells of articulated corallines and perithallial cells of CCA. The distinctive banding found in many rhodoliths is the regular transition from PCW-only cells to SCW cells. Within the cell walls there can be bands of elevated Mg with Mg content of a few mol% higher than radial Mg-calcite (M-type), ranging up to dolomite composition (D-type).Model for calcificationWe propose the following three-step model for calcification. 1) A thin (< 0.5 μm) PCW forms and is filled with a mineralising fluid of organic compounds and seawater. Nanometer-scale Mg-calcite grains precipitate on the organic structures within the PCW. 2) Crystalline cellulose microfibrils (CMF) are extruded perpendicularly from the cellulose synthase complexes (CSC) in the plasmalemma to form the SCW. 3) The CMF soaks in the mineralising fluid as it extrudes and becomes calcified, retaining the perpendicular form, thus building the radial calcite. In Clathromorphum, SCW formation lags PCW creating a zone of weakness resulting in a split in the sub-surface crust. All calcification seems likely to be a bioinduced rather than controlled process. These findings are a substantial step forward in understanding how corallines calcify.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coralline algal calcification: A morphological and process-based understanding

et al. 2019

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“…Here we do not discuss linear extension since these measurements typically are not accompanied with estimates of density and surface area that could be used to calculate calcification rates. An exception is perhaps the 'geometric' method 70 , where measurements of CCA linear extension (using stains 104 ) are combined with marginal extension rates and skeletal density of CCA to estimate calcification rates. Reef cores are typically used to measure coral reef framework accretion rates over geological time frames (usually millennia) [105][106][107][108] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crustose coralline algae can contribute more than corals to coral reef carbonate production

Cornwall

Carlot

Branson

et al. 2023

Commun Earth Environ

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Understanding the drivers of net coral reef calcium carbonate production is increasingly important as ocean warming, acidification, and other anthropogenic stressors threaten the maintenance of coral reef structures and the services these ecosystems provide. Despite intense research effort on coral reef calcium carbonate production, the inclusion of a key reef forming/accreting calcifying group, the crustose coralline algae, remains challenging both from a theoretical and practical standpoint. While corals are typically the primary reef builders of contemporary reefs, crustose coralline algae can contribute equally. Here, we combine several sets of data with numerical and theoretical modelling to demonstrate that crustose coralline algae carbonate production can match or even exceed the contribution of corals to reef carbonate production. Despite their importance, crustose coralline algae are often inaccurately recorded in benthic surveys or even entirely missing from coral reef carbonate budgets. We outline several recommendations to improve the inclusion of crustose coralline algae into such carbonate budgets under the ongoing climate crisis.

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“…58,005, 0.75 g · L −1 for 6 h) and calcein (Sigma‐Aldrich, CAS 1461‐15‐0, 0.1 g · L −1 : Porolithon antillarum for 3 h and Lithophyllum cf. kaiseri for 6 h; Lewis & Diaz‐Pulido, 2017). Staining was used to provide reference marks in the skeletons to monitor algal growth, and the two types of stains were employed to ensure that at least one of the methods would work.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal upwelling conditions promote growth and calcification in reef‐building coralline algae

Pulecio‐Plaza,

Diaz‐Pulido,

García‐Urueña

2023

Journal of Phycology

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Crustose coralline algae (CCA) are important components of reef ecology contributing to reef framework construction. However, little is known about how seasonal upwelling systems influence growth and calcification of tropical CCA. We assessed marginal and vertical growth and net calcification rates of two dominant but morphologically different reef‐building CCA, Porolithon antillarum and Lithophyllum cf. kaiseri, in a shallow coral reef of the Colombian Caribbean during upwelling and non‐upwelling seasons. Growth and calcification rates varied seasonally with higher values during the upwelling compared to the non‐upwelling (rainy) season. Annual vertical growth showed rates of 4.48 ± 1.58 and 4.31 ± 2.17 mm · y−1, net calcification using crust growth estimates of 0.75 ± 0.30 g and 0.68 ± 0.60 g CaCO3 · cm−2 · y−1 and net calcification using the buoyant weight method of 1.49 ± 0.57 and 0.52 ± 0.11 g CaCO3 · cm−2 · y−1 in P. antillarum and L. kaiseri, respectively. Seawater temperature was inversely related with growth and calcification; however, complex oceanographic interactions between temperature and resource availability (e.g., light, nutrients, and CO2) are proposed to modulate CCA vital rates. Although CCA calcification rates are comparable to hard corals, CCA vertical accretion is much lower, suggesting that the main contribution of CCA to reef construction is via cementation processes. These results provide baseline data on CCA in the region and generate useful information for monitoring the impacts of environmental changes on tropical upwelling environments.

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Suitability of three fluorochrome markers for obtaining in situ growth rates of coralline algae

Cited by 10 publications

References 50 publications

Coralline algal calcification: A morphological and process-based understanding

Coralline algal calcification: A morphological and process-based understanding

Crustose coralline algae can contribute more than corals to coral reef carbonate production

Seasonal upwelling conditions promote growth and calcification in reef‐building coralline algae

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