Suitability of some viruses as indices of viral pollution of water

El‐Senousy, Waled M.

doi:10.21608/ejabf.2021.197187

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 45 publications

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“…Additionally, several enteric viruses (such as the astrovirus, rotavirus, torque teno virus and hepatitis E virus) may be zoonotic; as a result, their occurrence in the environment may be caused by things other than human waste, such as agricultural operations [115]. Although the hepatitis A and E viruses are widespread in less developed countries, they only sometimes cause epidemics in more developed areas [116].…”

Section: Viral Indicatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of the Human Viral Surrogate Pepper Mild Mottle Virus for Wastewater Fecal Pollution Management

Maniah

Nour

Hanif

et al. 2022

Water

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Global water scarcity has led to significant dependence on reclaimed or recycled water for potable uses. Effluents arising from human and animal gut microbiomes highly influence water quality. Wastewater pollution is, therefore, frequently monitored using bacterial indicators (BI). However, threats to public health arise from the frequent incidence of wastewater-mediated viral infections–undetected by BI. Moreover, the enteric viromes contaminating wastewater are characterized by high abundance, genetic diversity and persistence in various water environments. Furthermore, humans usually suffer a minimum of a single acute diarrheal episode over their lifetime arising from extraneously acquired enteric microbiomes. A wide range of management methods are employed—in particular, microbial source tracking (MST) approaches to confront infections arising from exposure to contaminated wastewater. This review elaborates the viral contamination of treated wastewater and associated public health issues. Latterly, we discuss the various management strategies of wastewater pollution using conventional fecal indicators, viral indicators and human viral surrogates, with particular interest in the pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV). Globally, PMMoV has been detected in rivers, aquifers, irrigation systems, and coastal and marine waters at high prevalence rates and concentrations greater than 105 genome copies per liter (gc/L). PMMoV was also found in almost all untreated wastewater environments. PMMoV concentrations in wastewater vary from 103 to 107 gc/L. These values are more than the maximum recorded viral indicator concentrations in wastewater for other proposed indicators. Limited variability in the daily concentrations of PMMoV in fecal wastewater has been studied, with an estimated average concentration of 105 gc/L with insignificant seasonal variability. The information summarized in this article offers fundamental knowledge for decision making in terms of defining the suitability criteria of candidate fecal indicators, risk assessment application and efficient wastewater management.

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Section: Viral Indicatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of the Human Viral Surrogate Pepper Mild Mottle Virus for Wastewater Fecal Pollution Management

Maniah

Nour

Hanif

et al. 2022

Water

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Infectious Pepper Mild Mottle Virus and Human Adenoviruses as Viral Indices in Sewage and Water Samples

et al. 2022

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The objective of this study was to compare human adenoviruses (HAdVs) genome and infectivity, polyomaviruses (JC and BK) genome (JCPyVs) and (BKPyVs), Pepper Mild Mottle Virus (PMMoV) genome and infectivity, and infectious bacteriophages as viral indices for sewage and water samples. One hundred and forty-four samples were collected from inlets and outlets of water and wastewater treatment plants (WTPs), and WWTPs within Greater Cairo from October 2015 till March 2017. Two methods of viral concentration [Aluminium hydroxide (Al(OH)3) precipitation method and adsorption-elution technique followed by organic flocculation method] were compared to determine which of them was the best method to concentrate viruses from sewage and water. Although samples with only one litre volume were concentrated using Al(OH)3 precipitation method and the same samples with larger volumes (5–20 L) were concentrated using the adsorption-elution technique followed by the organic flocculation method, a non-significant difference was observed between the efficiency of the two methods in all types of samples except for the drinking water samples. Based on the qualitative prevalence of studied viruses in water and wastewater samples, the number of genome copies and infectious units in the same samples, resistance to treatment processes in water and wastewater treatment plants, higher frequency of both adenoviruses and PMMoV genomes as candidate viral indices in treated sewage and drinking water was observed. The problem of having a viral genome as indices of viral pollution is that it does not express the recent viral pollution because of the longer survivability of the viral genome than the infectious units in water and wastewater. Both infectious adenovirus and infectious phiX174 bacteriophage virus showed similar efficiencies as indices for viral pollution in drinking water and treated sewage samples. On the other hand, qualitative detection of infectious PMMoV failed to express efficiently the presence/absence of infectious enteric viruses in drinking water samples. Infectious adenoviruses and infectious bacteriophage phiX174 virus may be better candidates than adenoviruses genome, polyomaviruses genome, and PMMoV genome and infectivity as viral indices for water and wastewater.

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Suitability of some viruses as indices of viral pollution of water

Cited by 2 publications

References 45 publications

Application of the Human Viral Surrogate Pepper Mild Mottle Virus for Wastewater Fecal Pollution Management

Application of the Human Viral Surrogate Pepper Mild Mottle Virus for Wastewater Fecal Pollution Management

Infectious Pepper Mild Mottle Virus and Human Adenoviruses as Viral Indices in Sewage and Water Samples

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