Suitability of High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry for Routine Analysis of Small Molecules in Food, Feed and Water for Safety and Authenticity Purposes: A Review

Abstract

During the last decade, food, feed and environmental analysis using high-resolution mass spectrometry became increasingly popular. Recent accessibility and technological improvements of this system make it a potential tool for routine laboratory work. However, this kind of instrument is still often considered a research tool. The wide range of potential contaminants and residues that must be monitored, including pesticides, veterinary drugs and natural toxins, is steadily increasing. Thanks to full-scan analysis and the theoretically unlimited number of compounds that can be screened in a single analysis, high-resolution mass spectrometry is particularly well-suited for food, feed and water analysis. This review aims, through a series of relevant selected studies and developed methods dedicated to the different classes of contaminants and residues, to demonstrate that high-resolution mass spectrometry can reach detection levels in compliance with current legislation and is a versatile and appropriate tool for routine testing.

A Review of Pharmaceutical Robot based on Hyperspectral Technology

“…The problem of authenticity detection of drug tablets is directly related to the life and health of patients. Counterfeit drugs not only worsen the patient's condition but can even cause death in extreme cases [50,51]. Figure 5 shows the detection of the counterfeit drugs using the Raman Hyperspectral method [52].…”

Capillary electromigration methods for food analysis and Foodomics: Advances and applications in the period February 2019–February 2021

“…Not only diverse types of contaminants and residues are usually evaluated in these kinds of matrices for safety assessment, but also a wide range of metabolites, macronutrients, bioactive compounds, etc. are analyzed to evaluate the quality of food products or to carry out their functional and structural characterization [88,89]. In this sense, CE has been largely applied for the separation of an extent variety of compounds due to its versatility, comprehensiveness, rapidness, low reagent and sample requirements, as well as simple operation [90].…”

Overview of Recent Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry-Based Methods for Natural Toxins Detection in Food Products

“…Most of the LC-MS methods employ different MS analyzers, such as triple-quadrupole (QqQ), ion trap (IT), time-of-flight (TOF) or orbitrap technology, depending on the kind of analysis, i.e., targeted or untargeted, and the required information. The use of UHPLC, multidimensional LC, capillary/nano-LC or even online sample preparation approaches have been widely applied to LC-MS analysis for natural toxins analysis [ 6 , 16 ].…”

“…These limitations make LC-MS/MS methods based on the MRM approach not suitable to analyze unknown compounds. Nowadays, thanks to technological advances and more affordable prices, the use of high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), mainly based on orbitrap MS and TOF MS systems, is growing, providing enhanced selectivity and allowing to screen and quantify many metabolites also including parent and unknown compounds in food and feed [ 16 ]. Moreover, the use of modern hybrid instruments combining two different types of analyzers, such as quadrupole linear ion trap (Q-LIT), quadrupole-TOF (Q-TOF), and quadrupole orbital ion trap (Q-Orbitrap) offers advantages in terms of selectivity and sensitivity.…”