Suitability of fly ash brick masonry as infill in reinforced concrete frames

Basha, Syed Humayun; Kaushik, Hemant B.

doi:10.1617/s11527-015-0757-5

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…It should be highlighted that most past studies [13,[43][44][45][46] used fly ash or solid clay bricks, hollow blocks, or concrete bricks/blocks as infills. In the current study, frames were infilled with fly ash bricks, which were found to be considerably softer and weaker compared to the RC frame [47]. Similar to past studies [48,49], this low-strength masonry was used in order to reduce the effect of infill on the lateral load response of the frames and the shear demand on the columns due to the frame-infill interaction.…”

Section: Nonlinear Modelling and Calibration Of Infill Panelmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…In this paper, the variation of c ci due to the location of the column in the building was neglected, and the value 0.5 was considered. In the case studies examined, the ratio between the stiffness of columns and that of the infills is very high, since fly ash bricks were considered as infill, which are considerably softer and weaker compared to the RC frame [47]. Figure 14 shows, for example, the shear demand in the first storey corner column of frame Y1 (case study C) during the pushover analysis under the uniform distribution of lateral loads.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Irregularity Effects of Masonry Infills on Nonlinear Seismic Behaviour of RC Buildings

Ferraioli

Lavino

2020

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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Despite extensive research studies, the seismic response of infilled reinforced concrete buildings remains an open problem due to both the complexity of the interaction between the infill and the frame and the large number of parameters involved. Thus, guidelines for both modelling and analysis are still lacking and the infill walls are normally treated as nonstructural components in seismic codes. However, it may be not conservative to neglect the influence of infills. In fact, the infill masonry walls may significantly affect the stiffness, strength, and energy dissipation capacity of RC buildings, even when they are regularly distributed. Recognizing this influence and its importance on the vulnerability of infilled frames, Eurocode 8 requires amplifying seismic action effects due to infills. In this paper, the effectiveness of the Eurocode 8 design provisions for infill irregularity in plan and/or elevation was investigated. To this aim, different in-plan layouts of infill walls were selected as marginal cases for which Eurocode 8 does not require amplification of the action effects due to the presence of infills, or the additional measures to counteract these effects are not mandatory. The seismic vulnerability of the infilled RC buildings was evaluated using nonlinear static and nonlinear dynamic analyses. Both cracking and crushing of masonry and stiffness and strength degradation were considered in the analysis. The effect of the layout of the masonry infills on the seismic response in terms of resistance and displacement was evaluated. Results show that in one of the case studies here examined, it is not conservative to neglect the influence of infill panels. In fact, structural failure due to torsion and soft-storey effects may occur even in cases where Eurocode 8 does not require the amplification of the action effects. Finally, the total shear demand on columns may be underestimated, even in cases where the code provisions for infills irregularity are not mandatory, and the additional shear demand in the columns induced by the masonry infill is very low.

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Section: Nonlinear Modelling and Calibration Of Infill Panelmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Irregularity Effects of Masonry Infills on Nonlinear Seismic Behaviour of RC Buildings

Ferraioli

Lavino

2020

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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“…Solid clay bricks are typically adopted in northern Europe and in United States, where RC framed building are not as common as in Mediterranean regions. On the other hand, solid concrete bricks are widely used in South Asia (Basha and Kaushik 2016;Ganz 2003;De Luca et al 2019;Salmanpour et al 2012). Figure 7 reports the number of specimens with hollow and solid units, in case of concrete and clay bricks.…”

Section: Solid)mentioning

confidence: 99%

MID 1.1: Database for Characterization of the Lateral Behavior of Infilled Frames

et al. 2021

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The research on infilled reinforced concrete frames is fundamental for the vulnerability assessment of existing buildings.The analysis of the interaction between infill and frame is an open issue in performance-based earthquake engineering, due to its importance in predicting the dynamic behaviour and failure modes of buildings. This study provides an open access database of laboratory tests on masonry infilled reinforced concrete frames, collected from the literature and harmonized in a consistent framework.The data were grouped in categories, to calibrate a piecewise linear curve representing the lateral response of the infill, depending on the masonry wall and the frame details. The gathered data are used to assess analytical models and numerical studies from the literature, with the aim to revise the formulations currently used in the equivalent strut approach. An empirical model for the equivalent strut was developed, through a power-law multiple regression of the database. The open access database in its spreadsheet form is aimed at providing a useful tool for the analysis of infilled reinforced concrete frames.

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“…Scientists have used different methods [ 19 ] to increase the porosity in modern brick production. A wide variety of waste materials have also been tested as sources of additives, including paper production residue [ 20 ]; cigarette butts [ 21 ]; rice husk ash [ 22 , 23 ]; kraft pulp production residue [ 24 ]; waste tea [ 25 ]; sawdust [ 26 ]; vine shoots [ 27 ]; vegetable matter [ 28 ]; pineapple leaf fibers [ 29 ]; organic matter [ 7 ]; sugarcane bagasse ash waste [ 30 ]; incorporated biomasses [ 31 ]; corn cobs [ 32 ]; organic and inorganic wastes [ 33 ]; ice husks, sawdust, coir pith and fly ash [ 16 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 ]; granite sawing wastes [ 39 ]; municipal solid waste incinerator slag [ 40 ]; kaolin fine quarry residue, granulated blast-furnace slag and granite–basalt fine quarry residue [ 41 ]; Waelz slag and waste foundry sand [ 42 ]; industrial nanocrystalline aluminum sludge [ 43 ]; waste glass [ 44 ]; construction and demolition waste [ 45 ]; and crumb rubber, cement kiln dust, mine tailings, slags, wood sawdust, cotton waste, limestone powder and petroleum effluent treatment plant sludge [ 19 , 46 , 47 , 48 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eco-Friendly Fired Brick Produced from Industrial Ash and Natural Clay: A Study of Waste Reuse

et al. 2021

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Bottom ash (BA) is an industrial solid waste formed by the burning of coal. The environmental problems and storage costs caused by this waste increase with every passing day. In this study, the use of BA as an additive (clay substitute) in fired brick production was investigated. The study consisted of two stages. In the first stage, cylinder blocks were produced from clay used in brick production. The second stage was the examination of the experimental substitution of clay with 10, 20, 30 and 40% BA. Samples were fired at 900, 1000, 1100 and 1150 °C to produce fired brick samples. The unit weight, compressive strength (before and after freeze–thawing) and water absorption were analyzed for the samples. The unit weight values decreased in the samples containing BA. The mechanical properties met the conditions prescribed in the relevant standards; i.e., all of the samples fired at 1100 and 1150 °C had a sufficient compressive strength over 20 MPa. The high potential of fired bricks for the construction industry was proved. BA can be used as a clay substitute, while the developed protocol can be used to effectively produce fired bricks.

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Suitability of fly ash brick masonry as infill in reinforced concrete frames

Cited by 16 publications

References 27 publications

Irregularity Effects of Masonry Infills on Nonlinear Seismic Behaviour of RC Buildings

Irregularity Effects of Masonry Infills on Nonlinear Seismic Behaviour of RC Buildings

MID 1.1: Database for Characterization of the Lateral Behavior of Infilled Frames

Eco-Friendly Fired Brick Produced from Industrial Ash and Natural Clay: A Study of Waste Reuse

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