Abstract:The Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus) is an invasive species that has the potential to transmit infectious diseases such as dengue and chikungunya fever. Using high-resolution observations and regional climate model scenarios for the future, we investigated the suitability of Europe for A. albopictus using both recent climate and future climate conditions. The results show that southern France, northern Italy, the northern coast of Spain, the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea and western Turkey were clim… Show more
“…Most of the 56 primary original articles did not consider potential effects of climate change (Table 5). Only three articles , Caminade et al 2012) assessed climate change impacts, and further 18 discussed potential impacts of climate change.…”
Section: Severity Of Health Impacts Temporal Trends and Interactionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…), and has facilitated the transmission of tropical and subtropical pathogens to temperate regions (Paupy et al 2009, Bonizzoni et al 2013. There, alien species may also benefit from climate change (Takumi et al 2009, Walther et al 2009, Caminade et al 2012, Dobson et al 2013, causing additional pressure on human health (Keller et al 2011, Strayer 2012.…”
Impacts of alien species on human health have recently become a major issue in medical research and invasion ecology, but comprehensive assessments of this subject are largely lacking. Here, we provide a literature review of alien species with public health impacts in Europe based on a systematic search in the Thomson Reuters Web of Science. We detected 77 relevant articles, of which 21 were reviews and 56 were original research articles. The taxonomic focus was on vascular plants (n=31 articles) and dipterans (n=25 articles). The original research articles mainly covered the spread of the study species, while early invasion stages (introduction, establishment) as well as impact and management were less investigated. Alien species of health concern in Europe are mostly introduced as contaminants, and mostly originate from climatically similar regions of the Northern Hemisphere. In those cases (36% of all articles) when information on the trend in range and abundance was provided, this trend was mostly increasing. We detected little information on the severity of the impacts (two articles) and the interaction with climate change (three articles). In 15 original articles (28%) specific management measures were suggested, in only one article the socioeconomic costs were assessed. We conclude that European research on human health impacts of alien species is biased towards few species, and that several important aspects such as early invasion stages, severity of impact and its temporal trends, and the scale of the socioeconomic costs caused are poorly understood. Interdisciplinary projects bridging gaps between ecologists medical researchers, socioeconomists and public health authorities are required to link alien species to severity and trends of impacts, which is a crucial requisite for risk assessment and decision making.
“…Most of the 56 primary original articles did not consider potential effects of climate change (Table 5). Only three articles , Caminade et al 2012) assessed climate change impacts, and further 18 discussed potential impacts of climate change.…”
Section: Severity Of Health Impacts Temporal Trends and Interactionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…), and has facilitated the transmission of tropical and subtropical pathogens to temperate regions (Paupy et al 2009, Bonizzoni et al 2013. There, alien species may also benefit from climate change (Takumi et al 2009, Walther et al 2009, Caminade et al 2012, Dobson et al 2013, causing additional pressure on human health (Keller et al 2011, Strayer 2012.…”
Impacts of alien species on human health have recently become a major issue in medical research and invasion ecology, but comprehensive assessments of this subject are largely lacking. Here, we provide a literature review of alien species with public health impacts in Europe based on a systematic search in the Thomson Reuters Web of Science. We detected 77 relevant articles, of which 21 were reviews and 56 were original research articles. The taxonomic focus was on vascular plants (n=31 articles) and dipterans (n=25 articles). The original research articles mainly covered the spread of the study species, while early invasion stages (introduction, establishment) as well as impact and management were less investigated. Alien species of health concern in Europe are mostly introduced as contaminants, and mostly originate from climatically similar regions of the Northern Hemisphere. In those cases (36% of all articles) when information on the trend in range and abundance was provided, this trend was mostly increasing. We detected little information on the severity of the impacts (two articles) and the interaction with climate change (three articles). In 15 original articles (28%) specific management measures were suggested, in only one article the socioeconomic costs were assessed. We conclude that European research on human health impacts of alien species is biased towards few species, and that several important aspects such as early invasion stages, severity of impact and its temporal trends, and the scale of the socioeconomic costs caused are poorly understood. Interdisciplinary projects bridging gaps between ecologists medical researchers, socioeconomists and public health authorities are required to link alien species to severity and trends of impacts, which is a crucial requisite for risk assessment and decision making.
“…For example, the tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, an efficient vector of various viruses, cannot overwinter in areas with an average January air temperature of less than 0°C and requires at least 500 mm of rainfall per year [5]. We estimated the areas suitable for Ae.…”
Section: Example Applications Of the Reconstructed Daily Modis Lst Damentioning
confidence: 99%
“…We rescaled the January mean temperatures, such that −1°C corresponds to zero (totally unsuitable) and 3°C to one (highly suitable). Values between −1°C and 3°C were transformed using a sigmoidal function [5]. None of the previously published approaches is able to provide such a detailed habitat suitability map at the continental scale (see also [33]).…”
Section: Example Applications Of the Reconstructed Daily Modis Lst Damentioning
confidence: 99%
“…High spatial and temporal resolution datasets of environmental indicators are crucial requirements for detailed analyses in various fields of research [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Important environmental indicators are derived from temperature time series [7], since temperature is a main driver for most ecological and environmental processes [8].…”
Abstract:Temperature is a main driver for most ecological processes, and temperature time series provide key environmental indicators for various applications and research fields. High spatial and temporal resolutions are crucial for detailed analyses in various fields of research. A disadvantage of temperature data obtained by satellites is the occurrence of gaps that must be reconstructed. Here, we present a new method to reconstruct high-resolution land surface temperature (LST) time series at the continental scale gaining 250-m spatial resolution and four daily values per pixel. Our method constitutes a unique new combination of weighted temporal averaging with statistical modeling and spatial interpolation. This newly developed reconstruction method has been applied to greater Europe, resulting in complete daily coverage for eleven years. To our knowledge, this new reconstructed LST time series exceeds the level of detail of comparable reconstructed LST datasets by several orders of magnitude. Studies on emerging diseases, parasite risk assessment and temperature anomalies can now be performed on the continental scale, maintaining high spatial and temporal detail. We illustrate a series of applications in this paper. Our dataset is available online for download as time aggregated derivatives for direct usage in GIS-based applications.
The invasive species Aedes albopictus is a major vector of several arboviruses. The global spread of this species seriously threatens human health. Insecticide resistance is an increasing problem worldwide that limits the efficacy of mosquito control. As the major structural component of cuticles, chitin is indispensable to insects. Chitin synthase (CHS) is the enzyme that catalyzes the biosynthesis of chitin at the final step. In this study, two CHS genes of Aedes albopictus (AaCHS1 and AaCHS2) were identified and their basic characteristics were evaluated via bioinformatics analysis. The highest abundance of AaCHS1 transcripts was detected in pupae, whereas that of AaCHS2 transcripts was detected in females; the highest expression levels of AaCHS1 and AaCHS2 were found in the epidermis and the midgut of pupae, respectively. The survival and emergence rates of pupae were significantly reduced after the injection of double‐stranded RNA of AaCHS1 or AaCHS2, indicating that both AaCHS1 and AaCHS2 play crucial roles in the pupal development. In addition, the chitin content of pupae was obviously decreased after the suppression of AaCHS1 expression by RNA interference (RNAi) treatment. This influence of the RNAi treatment was further supported by the reduced chitin thickness and weakened chitin fluorescence signal in the new cuticle. The midgut of pupae presented a reduced intensity of the chitin fluorescence signal along with RNAi treatment specific to AaCHS2 expression. The results of this study indicate that CHS genes may be suitable as molecular targets used for controlling mosquitoes.
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