Suitability of Black Soldier Fly Frass as Soil Amendment and Implication for Organic Waste Hygienization

Klammsteiner, Thomas; Turan, Veysel; Juárez, Marina Fernández-Delgado; Oberegger, Simon; Insam, Heribert

doi:10.3390/agronomy10101578

Cited by 115 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…This is indicated by high concentrations of VFAs such as valerate and butyrate, but also higher NH 4 contents ( Figure 2C ). The accumulation of nitrogen compounds is of interest for the commercialization of residues as soil amendment ( Klammsteiner et al, 2020a ). Residues from BSFL-processed household organic wastes showed similar C tot and N tot ratios to the FWD-R produced in our study and have been identified as an effective nitrogen source for plant growth ( Kawasaki et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Processed Food (Canteen and Oil Wastes) on the Development of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae and Their Gut Microbiome Functions

et al. 2021

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Canteens represent an essential food supply hub for educational institutions, companies, and business parks. Many people in these locations rely on a guaranteed service with consistent quality. It is an ongoing challenge to satisfy the demand for sufficient serving numbers, portion sizes, and menu variations to cover food intolerances and different palates of customers. However, overestimating this demand or fluctuating quality of dishes leads to an inevitable loss of unconsumed food due to leftovers. In this study, the food waste fraction of canteen leftovers was identified as an optimal diet for black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae based on 50% higher consumption and 15% higher waste reduction indices compared with control chicken feed diet. Although the digestibility of food waste was nearly twice as high, the conversion efficiency of ingested and digested chicken feed remains unparalleled (17.9 ± 0.6 and 37.5 ± 0.9 in CFD and 7.9 ± 0.9 and 9.6 ± 1.0 in FWD, respectively). The oil separator waste fraction, however, inhibited biomass gain by at least 85% and ultimately led to a larval mortality of up to 96%. In addition to monitoring larval development, we characterized physicochemical properties of pre- and post-process food waste substrates. High-throughput amplicon sequencing identified Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidota as the most abundant phyla, and Morganella, Acinetobacter, and certain Lactobacillales species were identified as indicator species. By using metagenome imputation, we additionally gained insights into the functional spectrum of gut microbial communities. We anticipate that the results will contribute to the development of decentralized waste-management sites that make use of larvae to process food waste as it has become common practice for biogas plants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Processed Food (Canteen and Oil Wastes) on the Development of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae and Their Gut Microbiome Functions

et al. 2021

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“…The frass, which is a byproduct from black soldier fly rearing, contains substantial amounts of nutrients [51,52] that could be useful in crop production especially for vegetable production if converted into organic fertilizer and the black soldier fly frass accumulation has a great potential to complement or to replace commercial fertilizer [53]. Chemical characterization of frass revealed that it had a concentration of N, K, and P as high as those found in farmyard manure and, especially, poultry manure [54], which confirms its high fertilizer potential by containing both macro and micro soil nutrients (Table 2).…”

Section: Uses Of Black Soldier Fly Frass Bio-fertilizer In Vegetable Crop Production and Soil Amendmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Black Soldier Fly (<i>Hermetiaillucens)</i> Larvae Frass Bio-fertilizer on Vegetable Growth and Sustainable Farming in Sub-Saharan Africa

Terfa

2021

RAS

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Food insecurity throughout Sub-Saharan African countries is a common problem and needs a sustainable solution to improve crop yield production, rather than agricultural area expansion. Vegetables are important in sustaining the livelihood of many small-scale and subsistence farmers throughout Sub-Saharan African and contain vitamins, minerals, and essential amino acids, none has cholesterol and most are low in fat and calories. Vegetables also high in fiber, which helps keep the digestive system healthy. Vegetable production in Sub-Saharan Africa faces numerous agronomic constraints that will have to be overcome to feed the increasing population and to fight malnutrition. Major areas on the continent consequently experience nutrient limitation as a major yield gap component, especially in densely populated areas. Now a day one possible solution may come from insect farming, a growing industry with broad potential. Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L) feces (frass) may have great potential as a valuable organic bio-fertilizer by positively affecting soil fertility and ultimately vegetable yields. However, the understanding of this positive effect of frass is still limited in our community and very few researchers are trying to determine the effects of this bio-fertilizer on vegetable growth and soil fertility amendment and to explore the utilization of this waste product as a novel organic bio-fertilizer. As nitrogen and phosphorus uptake observed in plots treated with black soldier fly frass fertilizer compared to plots treated with the commercial organic and mineral fertilizers could be attributed to better supply and availability of nutrients from the newly introduced frass fertilize. Clearly black soldier fly frass fertilizer performed better than commercial and inorganic fertilizer. Therefore, further study and awareness creation should be conducted to promote the feasibility of black soldier fly frass bio-fertilizer application in vegetable production and its role in soil fertility amendment.

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“…The resulted aromatic compounds were further metabolized by microbes via the enzymatic reactions [ 16 ] and β-ketoadipate pathway, and finally converted to valuable products. To now, lignin has been successfully manufactured into value-added products of polyhydroxyalkanoates (bioplastic) [ 17 ], lipids (often used as biofuel) [ 18 ], animal feed additive [ 19 ], pesticides [ 20 ], compost (generally as biofertilizers) [ 21 ], vanillin [ 22 ], and muconic acid [ 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depolymerization and conversion of lignin to value-added bioproducts by microbial and enzymatic catalysis

Weng

Peng

Han

2021

Biotechnol Biofuels

120

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Lignin, the most abundant renewable aromatic compound in nature, is an excellent feedstock for value-added bioproducts manufacturing; while the intrinsic heterogeneity and recalcitrance of which hindered the efficient lignin biorefinery and utilization. Compared with chemical processing, bioprocessing with microbial and enzymatic catalysis is a clean and efficient method for lignin depolymerization and conversion. Generally, lignin bioprocessing involves lignin decomposition to lignin-based aromatics via extracellular microbial enzymes and further converted to value-added bioproducts through microbial metabolism. In the review, the most recent advances in degradation and conversion of lignin to value-added bioproducts catalyzed by microbes and enzymes were summarized. The lignin-degrading microorganisms of white-rot fungi, brown-rot fungi, soft-rot fungi, and bacteria under aerobic and anaerobic conditions were comparatively analyzed. The catalytic metabolism of the microbial lignin-degrading enzymes of laccase, lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, biphenyl bond cleavage enzyme, versatile peroxidase, and β-etherize was discussed. The microbial metabolic process of H-lignin, G-lignin, S-lignin based derivatives, protocatechuic acid, and catechol was reviewed. Lignin was depolymerized to lignin-derived aromatic compounds by the secreted enzymes of fungi and bacteria, and the aromatics were converted to value-added compounds through microbial catalysis and metabolic engineering. The review also proposes new insights for future work to overcome the recalcitrance of lignin and convert it to value-added bioproducts by microbial and enzymatic catalysis.

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Suitability of Black Soldier Fly Frass as Soil Amendment and Implication for Organic Waste Hygienization

Cited by 115 publications

References 53 publications

Impact of Processed Food (Canteen and Oil Wastes) on the Development of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae and Their Gut Microbiome Functions

Impact of Processed Food (Canteen and Oil Wastes) on the Development of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae and Their Gut Microbiome Functions

Role of Black Soldier Fly (<i>Hermetiaillucens)</i> Larvae Frass Bio-fertilizer on Vegetable Growth and Sustainable Farming in Sub-Saharan Africa

Depolymerization and conversion of lignin to value-added bioproducts by microbial and enzymatic catalysis

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