Suitability of
Bemisia argentifolii
(Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) Instars for the Parasitoid
Eretmocerus mundus
(Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae)

Jones, Walker A.; Greenberg, S. M.

doi:10.1093/ee/27.6.1569

Cited by 35 publications

(30 citation statements)

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“…Our results of highest mean daily numbers of parasitized nymphs occurring in the second instar agreed with Wndings reported elsewhere (Gerling et al 1990, Jones and Greenberg 1998, Urbaneja and Stansly 2004. According to Gerling (2003), E. mundus lays eggs under second instar nymphs, but parasitoid larvae do not penetrate the host until it has attained the fourth instar.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…According to Gerling (2003), E. mundus lays eggs under second instar nymphs, but parasitoid larvae do not penetrate the host until it has attained the fourth instar. Jones and Greenberg (1998) have also reported that E. mundus parasitized all instars but second instar had highest percentage parasitism. Similarly Urbaneja and Stansly (2004) stated that incidence of parasitism was greatest when E. mundus oviposition occurred under second and third instars compared to Wrst and fourth B. tabaci instars.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Host instar suitability of Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) (Hom.: Aleyrodidae) for the parasitoid Eretmocerus mundus (Hym.: Aphelinidae)

Karut

2007

J Pest Sci

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EYcient use of parasitoids in pest control depend on the knowledge of the biological relationships between host and parasitoid. Eretmocerus mundus Mercet (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) is one the most important natural enemies of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) that is found in Welds and greenhouses in Adana, Turkey. Although more studies have been done to determine the relationships between E. mundus and B. tabaci, the diVerences among strains of E. mundus could have important biological concequences. In this study, biological characteristics of native population of E. mundus parasitization of B. tabaci (Q biotype) were determined using bean plants Phaseolus vulgaris (L.) at a constant temperature of 25 § 1°C, relative humidity 70 § 10% and 16:8 (L:D) photoperiod regimen. All B. tabaci nymphal instars were parasitized by E. mundus, but the mean number of daily-parasitized nymphs was highest in the second instars (15.3). In addition, second instar females had the shortest mean development time (15.2 days). Mean development times of parasitoids obtained from Wrst, second, third and fourth B. tabaci instars varied from 15.2 to 16.2 days and 15.2 to 15.9 days for female and male, respectively. Proportion of female ($/#+$) varied from Wrst (0.53) to second (0.34) host instars. Impact of results on potential biological control of B. tabaci was discussed through conservation native natural enemies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Host instar suitability of Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) (Hom.: Aleyrodidae) for the parasitoid Eretmocerus mundus (Hym.: Aphelinidae)

Karut

2007

J Pest Sci

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“…This difference might account for the different results. Jones and Greenberg (1998) record that E. mundus laid most eggs under 2 nd instar nymphs of B. argentifolii in a nochoice test. In E. mundus the strongest preference for 3 rd instar nymphs was observed when all host stages were available.…”

Section: Instar Preferencementioning

confidence: 94%

Life-history parameters of Encarsia formosa, Eretmocerus eremicus and E. mundus, aphelinid parasitoids of Bemisia argentifolii (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)

Qiu

Lenteren

Drost³

et al. 2004

Eur. J. Entomol.

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Abstract. Life-history parameters (juvenile development time, adult longevity, host instar preference and rate of parasitism) of four parasitoids of Bemisia argentifolii (two strains of Encarsia formosa (D and B), Eretmocerus eremicus and Eretmocerus mundus) were studied in the laboratory. At 15°C juvenile development time was the shortest for E. formosa B (48 days), longest for E. eremicus (79.3 days) and intermediate for E. formosa D (62.8 days) and E. mundus (64 days) at 15°C. With increase in temperature, development time decreased to around 14 days for all species/strains at 32°C. The lower developmental threshold for development was 11.5, 8.1, 13.0 and 11.5°C for E. formosa D, E. formosa B, E. eremicus and E. mundus, respectively. E. formosa D and B, and E. mundus all appeared to prefer to parasitize 3 rd instar nymphs. The presence of hosts shortened adult longevity in most of the parasitoids, with the exception of E. formosa B, which lived longer than other species/strains irrespective of the presence of hosts. At 15°C daily parasitism was very low by all parasitoids. The two Encarsia strains had a constant, but low rate of reproduction during adult life, while the two Eretmocerus species had a very high rate of reproduction when one-day old, which then decreased very quickly. Lifetime fecundity, estimated using a non-linear model, indicated that it was higher for the two Encarsia strains than for the Eretmocerus species. Life history parameters reported in the literature for the four parasitoids are reviewed and compared with our results. Finally, the potential value for the biological control of whiteflies on greenhouse crops of parasitoids having either a high reproductive rate over a short period (Eretmocerus spp.) or a low rate of reproduction over a long period (Encarsia spp.) is discussed.

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“…Old larval stages may be more suitable because larger hosts provide better resource for the parasitoids' larvae to develop. For example, Liu and Stansly (1996) and Jones and Greenberg (1999) propose that parasitoids may immediately use host resources in late stages, thereby maximizing the intrinsic rate of increase (r) through decreased generation time, increased fecundity, or both.…”

Section: Searching and Parasitization Behaviour Of E Tricolormentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperparasitism behaviour of the autoparasitoid Encarsia tricolor on two secondary host species

et al. 2008

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Hyperparasitism by virgin female Encarsia tricolor was studied by direct observation of its behaviour when contacting two secondary host species (Encarsia formosa and E. tricolor) at different host stages (first and second larval stage, third larval stage, and pupal stage). The searching and hyperparasitism behavioural sequence of E. tricolor was independent of the host stage of the whitefly (Aleyrodes proletella), and was similar to several related primary parasitoid species. In experiments with equal numbers of secondary hosts, encounter frequencies were equal for both secondary host species in all developmental stages observed.However, rates of hyperparastism were different according to host stage and host species. Hosts in the late larval stages were most preferred for hyperparasitization and the heterospecific E. formosa was more preferred as a secondary host than the conspecific, E. tricolor, in particular from the prepupal stage onwards. The window of vulnerability, i.e., the duration of the period in which a secondary host is susceptible to hyperparasitism, was largely determined by the occurrence and rate of melanization after the onset of pupation. The duration of a successful hyperparasitization event was longer than one that failed. Superparasitism occurred only once in all cases. The potential effect of autoparasitoids on biological control programs and the consequences for selection and release of an effective, yet ecologically safe agent are discussed.

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Suitability of Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) Instars for the Parasitoid Eretmocerus mundus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae)

Cited by 35 publications

References 0 publications

Host instar suitability of Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) (Hom.: Aleyrodidae) for the parasitoid Eretmocerus mundus (Hym.: Aphelinidae)

Host instar suitability of Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) (Hom.: Aleyrodidae) for the parasitoid Eretmocerus mundus (Hym.: Aphelinidae)

Life-history parameters of Encarsia formosa, Eretmocerus eremicus and E. mundus, aphelinid parasitoids of Bemisia argentifolii (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)

Hyperparasitism behaviour of the autoparasitoid Encarsia tricolor on two secondary host species

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