Suicide, self-harm and suicidal ideation during COVID-19: A systematic review

Farooq, Saeed; Tunmore, Jessica; Ali, Wajid; Ayub, Muhammad

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114228

Cited by 218 publications

(193 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed a slow and long-term burden on society and individuals compared to severe natural disasters such as earthquakes and tsunamis. Indeed, increasing suicide mortality rates are concerning due to the prolongation of the COVID-19 pandemic, since the rate of suicidal ideations during the COVID-19 pandemic is higher than that reported in studies on the general population during the pre-pandemic period [ 39 ]. Therefore, the long-lasting burden on societies and individuals induced by the COVID-19 pandemic is fundamentally different from that of previous natural disasters and economic crises.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining What Changed Japanese Suicide Mortality in 2020 Using Governmental Database

Matsumoto

Motomura

Fukuyama

et al. 2021

JCM

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The pandemic of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused both COVID-19-related health hazards and the deterioration of socioeconomic and sociopsychological status due to governmental restrictions. There were concerns that suicide mortality would increase during the COVID-19 pandemic; however, a recent study reported that suicide mortality did not increase in 21 countries during the early pandemic period. In Japan, suicide mortality was reduced from 2009 to 2019, but both the annual number of suicide victims and the national suicide mortality rates in 2020 increased compared to that in 2019. To clarify the discrepancy of suicide mortality between the first and second half of 2020 in Japan, the present study determines annual and monthly suicide mortality disaggregated by prefectures, gender, age, means, motive, and household factors during the COVID-19 pandemic and pre-pandemic periods using a linear mixed-effects model. Furthermore, the relationship between suicide mortality and COVID-19 data (the infection rate, mortality, and duration of the pandemic) was analysed using hierarchal linear regression with a robust standard error. The average of monthly suicide mortality of both males and females in all 47 prefectures decreased during the first stay-home order (April–May) (females: from 10.1–10.2 to 7.8–7.9; males: from 24.0–24.9 to 21.6 per 100,000 people), but increased after the end of the first stay-home order (July–December) (females: from 7.5–9.5 to 10.3–14.5; males: from 19.9–23.0 to 21.1–26.7 per 100,000 people). Increasing COVID-19-infected patients and victims indicated a tendency of suppression, but the prolongation of the pandemic indicated a tendency of increasing female suicide mortality without affecting that of males. Contrary to the national pattern, in metropolitan regions, decreasing suicide mortality during the first stay-home order was not observed. Decreasing suicide mortality during the first stay-home order was not observed in populations younger than 30 years old, whereas increasing suicide mortality of populations younger than 30 years old after the end of the first stay-home order was predominant. A decrease in suicide mortality of one-person household residents during the first stay-home order was not observed. The hanging suicide mortality of males and females was decreased and increased during and after the end of the first stay-home orders, respectively; however, there was no decrease in metropolitan regions. These results suggest that the suicide mortality in 2020 of females, younger populations, urban residents, and one-person household residents increased compared to those of males, the elderly, rural residents, and multiple-person household residents. Therefore, the unexpected drastic fluctuations of suicide mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan were probably composed of complicated reasons among various identified factors in this study, and other unknown factors.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining What Changed Japanese Suicide Mortality in 2020 Using Governmental Database

Matsumoto

Motomura

Fukuyama

et al. 2021

JCM

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“…Our data showed a larger suicidal ideation increase than suicidal attempts, suggesting the possibility of higher suicide rates in the future. According to that, a recent first meta-analysis estimate of suicidal ideation based on a large sample from different countries and populations has shown the rate of suicidal ideations during COVID-19 pandemic was higher than that reported in studies on the general population prior to the pandemic [ 20 ]. The increase in suicidal ideation in the COVID-19 year is coherent with the rise of anxiety, stress, and depression, related to the protracted period of lockdown and the interruption of educational and sport activities, known risk factors for the development of self-injury and suicidal behaviours [ 42 , 43 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With regard to self-injuring, it seems that the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, in particular, has significantly affected suicide rates among children and adolescents [ 19 ]. Specifically, months with significantly higher rates of suicide-related behaviours appear to correspond to times when COVID-19–related stressors were heightened [ 20 ]. With respect to suicidal behaviours, an observational retrospective study conducted in France from January 2018 to June 2020 found that, during the COVID-19 lockdown (March–May 2020), the number of hospitalisations for suicidal behaviours in children and adolescents decreased by 50% [ 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of paediatric patients admitted to a neuropsychiatric care hospital in the COVID-19 era

et al. 2022

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Background Since the first months of 2020, Italy and the world have been facing the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition to the dangerous and potentially deadly effects on physical health, it has caused a radical change in the lifestyle of the population and a potential danger for mental health too. These events were inserted into the context of a growing epidemiological trend regarding children’s psychiatric disorders in the past decade. Aim To study the population of patients admitted to a Neuropsychiatric Hospital Unit of North Italy in the first COVID-19 year, comparing them with the population of patients hospitalised during the year immediately before, according to sociodemographic and clinical variables. Methodology The study is an observational retrospective cohort. In total, 198 patients hospitalised due to neuropsychiatric problems from February 2019 to March 2021 were recruited. Data were analysed through mean and standard deviation, t-test, percentages, chi square test, and the Fischer exact test. Results Risk factors associated with mental health disorders were similar between the two years. The hospitalisation modality showed a decrease in scheduled hospitalisations compared to urgent ones, and among the reasons that led patients to hospitalisation there was a conspicuous increase in eating disorders. More suicidal and self-harming behaviours occurred in the COVID-19 group too, compared to the previous year. The methods used to attempt suicide were changed considerably, with a prevalence of that attempted within the home. Changes in pharmacological therapies also occurred, necessary for more than 80% of inpatients during the COVID year, with a greater use of neuroleptics. There were alarming data about hospitalisation relapses, which increased from 12.2% in the pre-COVID year to 35.0% in the COVID year. Conclusion Data shed light on clinical and policy issues in mental health care during the developmental age. Since the COVID-19 health emergency is not yet over, and its effects, especially on mental health, will be long-term, it is necessary to implement services and activities dedicated to both primary and secondary prevention of neuropsychiatric diseases especially during adolescent ages.

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“…Recent systematic reviews and meta‐analyses suggested that the prevalence of COVID‐19 pandemic time CMHS and suicidal behavior was higher among different cohorts worldwide 12,53 . Previous studies have found the association between COVID‐19 related factors and CMHS and suicidal behavior among students and young adults in Bangladesh 54,55 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depression, anxiety, stress, and suicidal behavior among Bangladeshi undergraduate rehabilitation students: An observational study amidst the COVID‐19 pandemic

Ali¹,

Uddin

Hossain

et al. 2022

Health Science Reports

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Background and Aims Common mental health symptoms (CMHS) like depressive moods, anxiety, and stress are the underlying causes of suicidal behavior. The incidence of suicide is higher among Bangladeshi students. Due to the pandemic, students of health/rehabilitation sciences are at the most significant risk. This study aimed to measure the prevalence rate and predicting factors for depression, anxiety and stress, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts in Bangladeshi undergraduate rehabilitation students. Methods This cross‐sectional study included data from 731 participants. Descriptive analyses estimated prevalence, and multivariate logistic regression models identified the factors associated with CMHS and suicidal behavior after adjusting the confounders. Results The result shows a high prevalence of moderate to very severe CMHS and a higher risk of suicidal ideation among rehabilitation students. Sociodemographic factors, illness, behavior, institution, and subject‐related issues were identified as the predicting factors of CMHS and suicidal behavior. The students suffering from mental health symptoms reported suicidal ideation and attempted at a significantly higher rate. Conclusion To deal with CHMS and suicide risk, a holistic, supportive approach from government and academic institutions are essential for minimizing the predicting factors identified by this study. The study is helpful for the government regulatory body and policymakers to take immediate steps for preventing CMHS and suicidal behavior among rehabilitation students in Bangladesh.

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Suicide, self-harm and suicidal ideation during COVID-19: A systematic review

Cited by 218 publications

References 77 publications

Determining What Changed Japanese Suicide Mortality in 2020 Using Governmental Database

Determining What Changed Japanese Suicide Mortality in 2020 Using Governmental Database

Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of paediatric patients admitted to a neuropsychiatric care hospital in the COVID-19 era

Depression, anxiety, stress, and suicidal behavior among Bangladeshi undergraduate rehabilitation students: An observational study amidst the COVID‐19 pandemic

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