‘Suicide rates in Crete, Greece during the economic crisis: the effect of age, gender, unemployment and mental health service provision’

Basta, Maria; Vgontzas, Alexandros N.; Kastanaki, Anastasia E; Michalodimitrakis, Manolis; Kanaki, Katerina; Koutra, Katerina; Anastasaki, Maria; Simos, Panagiotis G.

doi:10.1186/s12888-018-1931-4

Cited by 26 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…An impact of occupational factors even when adjusted for factors at other levels is a particularly interesting finding for understanding suicide in the working‐age population. Studies usually focused on one or two particular levels (e.g., socioeconomic (Alicandro et al, 2019; Basta et al, 2018; Borrell et al, 2020; Bossard et al, 2016; Chan et al, 2014; Hagedoorn et al, 2020; Harper et al, 2015; Hiyoshi et al, 2018; Milner, Niven, et al, 2015; Vanderoost et al, 2013), social‐behavioral (Deckert et al, 2015; Gearing & Alonzo, 2018; Gil‐Lacruz et al, 2019; Stack & Laubepin, 2019; Torgler & Schaltegger, 2014; Tsai et al, 2014) or occupational level (Alexopoulos et al, 2016; Bossard et al, 2016; Cohidon et al, 2010; Encrenaz et al, 2016; Guseva Canu et al, 2019; Hawton et al, 2011; Klingelschmidt et al, 2020; McIntosh et al, 2016; Milner et al, 2014; Milner, Smith, et al, 2015; Milner et al, 2013; Mustard et al, 2010; Ringgenberg et al, 2018; Roberts et al, 2013; Stark et al, 2006; Tanaka et al, 2017; Wada et al, 2016)) and might have over‐ or underestimated their respective contributions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of socio‐demographic, occupational, and societal factors for guiding suicide prevention: A cohort study of Swiss male workers (2000–2014)

Canu

Bovio

Wild

et al. 2021

Suicide & Life Threat Behav

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Introduction We modeled suicidal rate among Swiss working‐age males, considering three groups of factors at socio‐demographic, occupational, and societal levels jointly. Our goal was twofold: to verify the effect of occupation after adjustment for non‐occupational factors and to identify protective and risk factors relevant for suicide prevention in working male adults. Methods The study population included all men aged [18–65] years at the 2000 population census and followed up within the Swiss National Cohort (SNC). The risk of suicide was modeled using Poisson regression. Results The cohort comprised 1,534,564 men and 4371 deaths by suicide. Suicide rate varied significantly according to age, civil status, nationality, highest education achieved, and socio‐professional category at socio‐demographic level; occupation, occupational activity branch, weekly working hours, and home‐to‐work commute time at occupational level; calendar period of death, region, religious affiliation, and volunteering activity at societal level. After adjustment for non‐occupational factors, agricultural and fishery laborers, military and civil security workers, and health and social workers were identified as high‐risk groups with respect to suicide. Conclusion This study evidenced a complex web of factors at socio‐demographic, occupational, and societal levels behind the suicide in Swiss male workers and identified the most at‐risk groups, deserving targeted prevention efforts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of socio‐demographic, occupational, and societal factors for guiding suicide prevention: A cohort study of Swiss male workers (2000–2014)

Canu

Bovio

Wild

et al. 2021

Suicide & Life Threat Behav

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…It can, therefore, be observed that in the Greek population this suicide method is practiced by older age groups. Furthermore, various studies concerning the impact of economic austerity on the suicide rates in Greece noted a significant increase in suicides committed by the middle‐aged and the elderly and found unemployment to correlate with suicide rates of males aged 20–24, 50–54, and 60–64 years ( p < 0.001), probably because middle‐aged men traditionally carry the main burden of the economic well‐being of the family (6,39).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self‐immolation Suicide in Greece: A Forensic Psychiatric Autopsy Study between 2011 and 2019

Papadodima

Karakasi

Pavlidis

et al. 2020

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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Self‐immolation is a rare suicide method in the developed countries of the western world (0.06–1%); however, it has relatively higher prevalence rates in the developing countries of Asia and Africa (6–57%). The present study aims to examine self‐immolation suicides within the Greek mainland (Attiki, Thrace, and Peloponnese) over a period of 9 years (2011–2019) in order to investigate the phenomenon in the Greek population forensically, identify the characteristics and motivations of suicide victims, explore its associations to socio‐cultural or psychiatric factors, and describe a fatal case of suicide by self‐immolation that was partially recorded on camera. The medical files (autopsy reports) of cases performed at the Departments of Forensic Medicine of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Democritus University of Thrace, and the Forensic Service of Messinia—Peloponnese were retrospectively examined yielding 19 cases of suicides by self‐immolation. A 3.7% prevalence of suicide by self‐immolation among suicide fatalities within the Greek population was estimated. A distinctive feature of the Greek population regarding self‐immolation was disclosed that it is being practiced predominantly by the elderly (mean age 2–3.5 decades higher than other countries). The phenomenon correlated strongly with poorly controlled mental disorders (mostly affective and adjustment disorders). Unlike other countries, there was no significant association with domestic or sexual violence, social or political protest, or religious issues. Therefore, the suicide victims preferred secluded or private outdoor locations (not public). Findings deriving from the examined variables localize Greek population culturally between the Western European and Asian African countries, but with its own idiosyncrasies.

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“…While some studies reported increased suicide rates during recession periods, other failed to replicate them. 26,[42][43][44][45] A comprehensive study investigated suicide trends at a global level for the years 2000 to 2007 and for the year 2009, collecting data from 27 European and 27 non-European countries (these latter included 18 American, 8 Asian countries, and 1 African country). 14 An increase in suicide rate was noted after 2008 especially in men in the United States and in countries with higher levels of job loss.…”

Section: Suicidementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, the bigger increase in suicides was registered in Eastern Crete, suggesting the impact of the lack of mental health services in that region. 45 In the United Kingdom, a study reported an increase in suicides, especially among men, in the years following the beginning of the economic crisis. The increase in suicides affected the regions characterized by the biggest rises in unemployment.…”

Section: Suicidementioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of economic crisis on mental health: a 10-year challenge

et al. 2020

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The worldwide economic crisis of the last decade, and still unresolved, led to a great recession involving all major economies. Since economic factors may influence mental wellbeing, not surprisingly a rise in poor mental health was observed in different countries, while representing a great challenge to psychiatric interventions. This paper aims at reviewing the available English literature focusing on the impact of the current economic crisis on mental health, with a special focus on depression and suicide. Available studies indicate that consequences of economic crisis, such as unemployment, increased workload or work reorganization, and reduced staff and wages, may constitute important stressing factors with a negative impact on mental health. Although data are not easily comparable in different countries, depression seems to be the most common psychiatric disorders especially in middle-aged men. Even suicide rates seem to be increased in men, mainly in countries with no public welfare or poor family relationships. All these findings require a careful attention from both governments that cut resources on public health instead of investing in it, and psychiatric associations that should implement appropriate strategies to face and to manage this sort of depression epidemic driven by economic crisis. Again, as available data suggest that the impact of the crisis might have been attenuated in countries with higher spending in social protection, they clearly urge policy makers to take into account possible health externalities associated to inadequate social protection systems.

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‘Suicide rates in Crete, Greece during the economic crisis: the effect of age, gender, unemployment and mental health service provision’

Cited by 26 publications

References 15 publications

Identification of socio‐demographic, occupational, and societal factors for guiding suicide prevention: A cohort study of Swiss male workers (2000–2014)

Identification of socio‐demographic, occupational, and societal factors for guiding suicide prevention: A cohort study of Swiss male workers (2000–2014)

Self‐immolation Suicide in Greece: A Forensic Psychiatric Autopsy Study between 2011 and 2019

Impact of economic crisis on mental health: a 10-year challenge

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