Suicide Prevention Gatekeeper Training: Can They Advance Prevention in Indian Country?

Cwik, Mary; Tingey, Lauren; Wilkinson, Rebecca; Goklish, Novalene; Larzelere-Hinton, Francene; Barlow, Allison

doi:10.1080/13811118.2015.1033122

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…No measure was found that suited the aims of this study. Rather, we identified several myths commonly believed by lay people [9,13,14,[16][17][18][24][25][26][27] and included seven items in the survey representing these myths: (1) 'There is a risk that asking someone about suicide will make them start thinking about it' [14,16,18]; (2) 'There is a risk of making the situation worse if I try to help someone who is thinking about suicide' [18];…”

Section: Suicide Mythsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adoption of this strategy is based on the assumption that belief in suicide 'myths' can have a negative effect on suicide prevention intentions and behaviors [9,12]. Examples of suicide myths shown to be relatively common among community samples include the belief that people who attempt suicide don't talk about it [13,14]; that suicide happens without warning [15][16][17]; that asking someone about suicide could make them start thinking about it [14,16,18]; and that once a person has made up his or her mind about suicide, no one can stop him or her [14,16]. Such views of suicide may reduce the likelihood of community members intervening with someone who may be at risk because they believe they might make the situation worse or that suicide is not preventable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Belief in suicide prevention myths and its effect on helping: a nationally representative survey of Australian adults

et al. 2020

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Background Debunking suicide myths, such as ‘asking someone about suicide could make them start thinking about it’ is a common strategy in suicide prevention education. However, there has been little research investigating the relationship between suicide myths and helping behavior toward people at risk of suicide. We aimed to identify sociodemographic characteristics associated with belief in eight common suicide myths and the associations between beliefs in these myths and helping intentions and behaviors toward a family member or friend in severe distress or at risk of suicide. Methods We conducted a random digit dial (mobile and landline) survey of 3002 Australian adults. We asked respondents about their beliefs in suicide myths, intentions to help a person in severe distress or at risk of suicide presented in a vignette, and helping actions taken toward such a person in the last 12 months. We weighted this data to be representative of the Australian population. Regression analyses were undertaken to determine associations between sociodemographic and exposure characteristics and beliefs in suicide myths, and between beliefs in myths and helping intentions and behaviors. Results Being male, speaking a language other than English at home and being over 60 years were associated with the strongest beliefs in suicide myths. The strongest and most consistent associations were found between belief in the myth ‘asking someone about suicide could make them start thinking about it’, risk assessment intentions and behaviours and intentions to undertaken actions not recommended for suicide prevention. Conclusions Identifying those sociodemographic groups most likely to believe in suicide myths allows targeted intervention for suicide prevention education ‘debunking’ suicide myths. By isolating those myths that are most commonly believed, and their specific effects on helping intentions and behaviors, suicide prevention educators can target these specific myths to have the most effect on helping behavior. Our findings suggest that targeting the myth ‘asking someone about suicide could make them start thinking about it’ may have the greatest effects on helping behavior, and that men, those aged over 60 years and those speaking a language other than English at home could most benefit from myth ‘debunking’.

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Section: Suicide Mythsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Belief in suicide prevention myths and its effect on helping: a nationally representative survey of Australian adults

et al. 2020

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“…Lower levels of satisfaction and poorer outcomes, including a concerning increase in suicidal ideation among First Nations tribal community members in Canada, raises concern about appropriateness of standardized training for minority groups [22]. The issue of culture was raised by other researchers [23,31]. It has been concluded there was insufficient evidence to recommend gatekeeper training for indigenous persons in one systematic review of suicide prevention interventions [40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the Fort Apache Indian Reservation in Arizona, American Indians were among participants in ASIST training (n=84) [23]. Positive gains in knowledge, self-efficacy and intent to use were identified, however participants reported training did not address cultural needs [23].…”

Section: Communitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Community's Response to Gatekeeper Training

Pullen¹,

Gilje²,

Loftsgaarden³

et al. 2017

J Comm Pub Health Nurs

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Background: Gatekeeper training remains fundamental to broad suicide prevention strategies. In this descriptive study, Question, Persuade, Refer, an evidence-based suicide prevention gatekeeper training program, was implemented community-wide in a state among the highest for suicide in the United States.Objective: To describe and compare cohort pre-post responses to suicide prevention gatekeeper training. Methods:Quantitative and qualitative data were collected from 2013 to 2016 utilizing pre-post training surveys (n=894). Results:Quantitative results were statistically significant (p<0.0001) with little between-cohort variance. Significant differences in pre-post ratings concerned 'how to ask about suicide', 'how to persuade someone to receive help' and 'information about resources'. Post-survey qualitative results revealed a main theme of 'appreciating learning about suicide prevention'. Conclusion:Findings from the ethnically homogenous sample are consistent with other research outcomes, adding to understandings from the few other published community-wide gatekeeper studies. Of note is that gatekeeper training is feasible, beneficial and cost-effective aligning with international and national initiatives. Future research is needed on the sustainability of gatekeeper training outcomes over time and its' impact on suicide rates.

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“…In most studies, knowledge improvement is a convincing outcome of the gatekeeper training [ 16 , 24 – 29 ] as well as improved self-efficacy [ 25 , 28 , 30 , 31 ] and confidence to act when in contact with a suicidal person [ 16 , 24 , 27 , 32 ]. Furthermore, gatekeeper training seems beneficial in referring youth to appropriate services, especially within school-based settings [ 33 , 34 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suicide prevention gatekeeper training in the Netherlands improves gatekeepers’ knowledge of suicide prevention and their confidence to discuss suicidality, an observational study

Terpstra

Beekman

Abbing³

et al. 2018

BMC Public Health

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BackgroundThe gatekeeper training is designed to help identify suicidal individuals, respond to suicidal ideation and refer to help. The internationally widely used training shows promising results. This is the first study presenting its effectiveness in the Netherlands and the first study investigating the effect in different employment sectors.MethodsIn an observational study, 113 Suicide Prevention – the Dutch suicide prevention expertise centre and lifeline - trained 526 professionals as gatekeepers. Changes in gatekeepers’ identifying and referral behaviour, knowledge of suicide prevention and skills-confidence were studied, using a pre-post (6 weeks after training) self-report questionnaire. Outcomes were analyzed with General Linear Model (GLM) repeated measures with four employment sectors (healthcare-, educational-, socioeconomic and other sectors) as a between-subjects factor.ResultsPre-post self-reports of 174 respondents showed no change in the identification of suicidal people, referrals to the general practitioner (GP) or lifeline 113, but significant improvement in professionals’ knowledge and confidence (p < .001). Results did not differ between employment sectors.ConclusionsThe gatekeeper training significantly increases suicide prevention knowledge and skills confidence in abilities to address suicidality. Healthcare, education, socioeconomic and other professionals (e.g. security, justice, transport, church workers) benefit similarly from the training. Increasing the number of gatekeeper training programs in all sectors is recommended.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-018-5512-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Suicide Prevention Gatekeeper Training: Can They Advance Prevention in Indian Country?

Cited by 15 publications

References 21 publications

Belief in suicide prevention myths and its effect on helping: a nationally representative survey of Australian adults

Belief in suicide prevention myths and its effect on helping: a nationally representative survey of Australian adults

A Community's Response to Gatekeeper Training

Suicide prevention gatekeeper training in the Netherlands improves gatekeepers’ knowledge of suicide prevention and their confidence to discuss suicidality, an observational study

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