Suicide in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, state of the art

Abstract

In recent years the, incidence of suicide in Kurdistan has been increasing, especially among females, to a degree it cannot be neglected. Consequently, attention was given to this phenomena and the aggressive method of suicide used by young peoples, especially females, in Kurdistan. In attempt to obtain an objective picture of the frequently media-reported suicide among youths and women in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The responsible authorities and medical service units in the region were visited to collect information, and the available data were explored to produce a state-of-the-art overview on the subject. Because of insufficient documentation and lack of systematic registration, the data on suicide were scattered and difficult to evaluate. However, the findings did confirm that suicide exists as a serious problem in the society in Kurdistan, particularly among females. Urgent attention is demanded from the responsible authorities and organizations concerned in the region. Further research is needed to investigate the exact extent of suicide and its correlates in the society in Kurdistan, in order to plan for effective preventive measures.

Suicide Methods in Asia: Implications in Suicide Prevention

“…For instance, pesticide poisoning in China, India, and Sri Lanka, building jumping in Hong Kong and Singapore, and ingestion of household chemicals in Turkey, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan [80]. Kerosene, a flammable liquid used in self-immolation, is a common household substance for lighting and cooking in Iran, India, Iraq, and Sri Lanka [79,81,82,83]. Findings of the current study indicate that restricting access to these highly lethal suicide methods in the household can significantly reduce suicide rates in Asia, particularly among women.…”

Self-burning in Iraqi Kurdistan: proportion and risk factors in a burns unit

“…For a 5% significance level, 80% power and three controls per case, the necessary sample size was calculated to be 29 cases and 87 controls. In relation to the second risk factor, on the basis of previous studies we estimated that 30% of the control group (Carini et al , 2005) and 75% of the cases (Hanna & Ahmad, 2009) would be aged 15–30 years. This age group was chosen because it covered age groups found to be risk factors in previous studies (Carini et al , 2005; Hanna & Ahmad, 2009).…”

“…The sample size was determined on the basis of two risk factors: female gender and younger age (Laloe, 2004; Carini et al , 2005; Hanna & Ahmad, 2009). Based on previous research, we estimated that 47% of controls (patients with accidental burns) (Carini et al , 2005) and 76% of cases (patients who had deliberately burned themselves) (Hanna & Ahmad, 2009) would be female. For a 5% significance level, 80% power and three controls per case, the necessary sample size was calculated to be 29 cases and 87 controls.…”

“…Peraino, 2007). Two published studies were partly related to this condition (Carini et al , 2005; Hanna & Ahmad, 2009). This study aimed to investigate the rate of self-burning, as well as causal factors, in a burns unit in Iraqi Kurdistan (the Burns and Plastic Surgery Centre of Sulaimani).…”

Os motivos da escolha do fogo nas tentativas de suicídio realizadas por mulheres

“…Estudos têm mostrado que a grande maioria dos sujeitos que cometem tentativa de suicídio através do fogo é do sexo feminino (Ahmadi et al, 2009;Hanna & Ahmad, 2009;Mabrouk, Omar, Massoud, Sherif, & Sayed, 1999;Macente, Santos, & Zandonade, 2009;Rezaie et al, 2011;Taghaddosinejad, Sheikhazadi, Behnoush, Reshadati, & Anary, 2010). Dentre os motivos mais frequentes nesses casos estão os problemas afetivos e as difi culdades fi nanceiras, podendo haver, inclusive, uma associação entre ambos (Ahmadi et al, 2009;Makhlouf, Alvarez, & de la Grandmaison, 2011).…”