Suicide in the Indigenous Population of Latin America: A Systematic Review

O, Andrés J Azuero; Arreaza-Kaufman, Dan; Coriat, Jeanette; Tassinari, Stefano; Faria, Annette; Castañeda‐Cardona, Camilo; Rosselli, Diego

doi:10.1016/j.rcpeng.2017.09.001

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“…Community leaders suggested that a "more holistic" (i.e., bicultural) upbringing, where indigenous children are raised valuing indigenous ideologies and practices alongside non-indigenous ideologies, may be protective for suicidal ideation. Extant literature on acculturative stress and suicide in Native American populations (e.g., Lester, 1999) and "cultural death" and suicide in Latin American indigenous populations (e.g., Azuero et al, 2017) supports this perspective.…”

Section: Ethnic Identitymentioning

confidence: 89%

“…This suggests that not all risk factors for suicide are universal (Teti et al, 2014) and that more research in different countries and cultural settings is necessary (Medina et al, 2011). With notable exceptions (see Azuero et al, 2017 for examples), the majority of literature on suicide in Latin America has focused on nonindigenous populations in urban centers, despite recent United Nations reports on increasing rates of suicide among indigenous youth in Latin America (United Nations [UN], 2015). Furthermore, research in other parts of the globe indicates a higher than average rate of suicide among indigenous populations worldwide (Clifford et al, 2013;Hunter & Harvey, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The World Health Organization (WHO) Global Health Observatory reported a suicide rate for Guatemala of 2.9 deaths per 100,000 in 2016 (WHO, 2018). While the reported suicide rate in Guatemala remains low, there are few systematic studies examining the extent to which suicide is a problem in the country (Godoy-Paiz, 2005), and there are no studies that report on suicide among indigenous populations in Guatemala (Azuero et al, 2017). Recent literature suggests that reported suicide rates for Guatemala and much of Latin America may be considerably inaccurate (e.g., Gonza´lez-Andrade et al, 2011;Jørs et al, 2014;Mar ın-Le on et al, 2012;Pritchard & Hean, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Suicidal ideation in an ethnically mixed, highland Guatemalan community

Hernández

2021

Transcult Psychiatry

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Reported suicide rates in Latin America remain low, but there is evidence to suggest they may be increasing, particularly among indigenous populations. To better understand who may be at risk for suicide, we examined the prevalence of suicidal ideation and explored factors contributing to suicidal thoughts in an ethnically mixed, highland Guatemalan community. The data presented in this article are from a mixed methods ethnographic field project conducted over 15 months from 2010 to 2011 in Panajachel, Guatemala. We surveyed a random sample of 350 community members. Survey questions included standardized modules from the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview, as well as questions on experiences of violence and mental health care. We also conducted semi-structured interviews with 13 self-selected survey participants with current suicidal ideation. These interviews included questions regarding survey responses, experiences of mental illness, and access to mental health care. A total of 55 survey participants (N = 350; 15.7%) scored positive for suicidality. Ethnic identity, gender, psychiatric illness, and experiences of violence were all correlated to suicidal ideation. Qualitative interview data highlight distinctions between genders within prominent themes of religion, family, experiences of violence, and seeking resources. Three key findings emerged from our research that are relevant to the literature: 1) ethnic identity may be both a critical risk and a protective factor for suicide in some indigenous people; 2) intersections between violence and gender highlight different patterns in suicidal ideation; and 3) high rates of suicidal ideation and other psychiatric comorbidities underscore the need for greater access to mental health services.

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Section: Ethnic Identitymentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Suicidal ideation in an ethnically mixed, highland Guatemalan community

Hernández

2021

Transcult Psychiatry

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“…Despite this, <5% of Guatemalans with mood disorders receive evidence-based treatment (Kohn et al, 2018), and only 2.5% of indigenous Guatemalans with any mental illness have access to a mental health provider (Kohn, 2013). This is particularly concerning given research showing high rates of suicide in indigenous populations in the Americas (Azuero et al, 2017), especially where indigenous cultural identity is at risk (Hallett et al, 2007). In fact, a recent study in Guatemala found that over 15% of participants recruited through random sampling reported either suicidal thoughts within the last month or a history of a suicide attempt, and that those whose ethnicity was ‘indigenous antecedent’ (their parents were fluent in an indigenous language, but they were not) were more likely than bicultural indigenous Mayan or non-indigenous participants to report recent suicidal ideation (Pezzia & Hernandez, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘Depression is not a familiar word’: A mixed-methods approach to describe the experience of primary care nurses treating depression in rural Guatemala

Stryker

Kishton

Nichols

et al. 2021

Int J Soc Psychiatry

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Background: As the burden of mental health disorders continues to increase worldwide, there is significant need to describe the cultural variations in presentation, diagnosis and treatment of these diseases. An understanding of these variations can lead to the development of more effective programs to manage these conditions. In Guatemala, depression is the second-leading cause of disability and yet mental health treatment resources are scarce, particularly for indigenous individuals. Aims: The primary research aim was to describe primary care nurses’ explanatory models of depression in their clinical work in indigenous communities in Guatemala. A secondary research aim was to describe training and resources which would support and empower these nurses, in order to lessen risk for burnout. Methods: A cross-sectional mixed methods survey was designed to elicit nurses’ perspectives on the presentation, cause and treatment of depression in the communities they serve, as well as their clinical and emotional comfort in working with depressed individuals. Two subsequent focus groups gathered qualitative commentary which informed training and resource recommendations. Theoretical thematic analysis was used to generate codes and themes from focus group transcripts and survey responses. Results: Guatemalan primary care nurses described symptoms of depression in their cultural context, identified socioeconomic factors which contribute to depression in their communities, and detailed treatment preferences. Limited referral options and concern for privacy made connecting patients to mental health care difficult. Nurses emphasized the need for community education on depression and for supplemental mental health resources which would increase their capacity to identify and treat depression. Conclusions: Primary care nurses in Guatemala identify and treat depression despite limited resources. Further investigations should focus on creating training modalities which include front-line nurses, given their critical role in the health system.

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“…One of the main consequences of this displacement is that suicide rates among Guaraní-Kaiowá are high not only when compared to those of other Brazilian nationals but also to those of any other population (Indigenous or not) of any country in the world. From 2006From -2010 reports revealed a suicide rate of 76.4 per 100 000, contrasted with 6.9 per 100 000 for non-Indigenous people of the same region (Azuero et al 2017). Brazil and the Indigenous skin tone.…”

Section: Deforestation and Land Conflicts In Birdwatchersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eco-Fourth Cinema: Indigenous Rights and Environmental Crises

Frey¹

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This thesis compares a number of films made with or by Indigenous peoples in Australia and Brazil, from the year 2000. At the core of this research project is an investigation into how these films transmit Indigenous peoples' ways of knowing and relating to the environment, while reaching both Indigenous and non-Indigenous audiences. The thesis's main hypothesis is that globalised audiences engage with Indigenous films, because they recurrently touch on universal environmental themes such as land disputes, water preservation and struggles for cultural maintenance. These productions do so while retaining and explicitly negotiating these audio-visual productions' regional and cultural specificities. The appeal these films have for international viewers is reflected through the rising number of film festivals exhibiting Indigenous themes, many of which advocate for environmental policies and sustainable lifestyles.

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Suicide in the Indigenous Population of Latin America: A Systematic Review

Cited by 4 publications

References 30 publications

Suicidal ideation in an ethnically mixed, highland Guatemalan community

Suicidal ideation in an ethnically mixed, highland Guatemalan community

‘Depression is not a familiar word’: A mixed-methods approach to describe the experience of primary care nurses treating depression in rural Guatemala

Eco-Fourth Cinema: Indigenous Rights and Environmental Crises

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