Suicide in psychotic major depression

Isometsä, Erkki; Henriksson, Markus; Aro, Hillevi; Heikkinen, Martti; Kuoppasalmi, Kimmo; Lönnqvist, Jouko

doi:10.1016/0165-0327(94)90028-0

Cited by 118 publications

(140 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This is consistent with data from the literature that indicates that most suicide completers were not properly treated before death. 74,75 In our sample, as expected for suicides, several subjects had a history of substance dependence/abuse, primarily involving alcohol. This was the case in the two suicide groups, and to a lesser degree, also in the control group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Patterns of gene expression in the limbic system of suicides with and without major depression

et al. 2007

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The limbic system has consistently been associated with the control of emotions and with mood disorders. The goal of this study was to identify new molecular targets associated with suicide and with major depression using oligonucleotide microarrays in the limbic system (amygdala, hippocampus, anterior cingulate gryus (BA24) and posterior cingulate gyrus (BA29)). A total of 39 subjects were included in this study. They were all male subjects and comprised 26 suicides (depressed suicides = 18, non depressed suicides = 8) and 13 matched controls. Brain gene expression analysis was carried out on human brain samples using the Affymetrix HG U133 chip set. Differential expression in each of the limbic regions showed group-specific patterns of expression, supporting particular neurobiological mechanisms implicated in suicide and depression. Confirmation of genes selected based on their significance and the interest of their function with reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction showed consistently correlated signals with the results obtained in the microarray analysis. Gene ontology analysis with differentially expressed genes revealed an overrepresentation of transcription and metabolism-related genes in the hippocampus and amygdala, whereas differentially expressed genes in BA24 and BA29 were more generally related to RNA-binding, regulation of enzymatic activity and protein metabolism. Limbic expression patterns were most extensively altered in the hippocampus, where processes related to major depression were associated with altered expression of factors involved with transcription and cellular metabolism. Additionally, our results confirm previous evidence pointing to global alteration of gabaergic neurotransmission in suicide and major depression, offering new avenues in the study and possibly treatment of such complex disorders. Overall, these data suggest that specific patterns of expression in the limbic system contribute to the etiology of depression and suicidal behaviors and highlight the role of the hippocampus in major depression.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Patterns of gene expression in the limbic system of suicides with and without major depression

et al. 2007

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“…Table 2 includes information on whether the depressed subjects were ever treated with an antidepressant drug. That an antidepressant drug was present in the blood of so few depressed subjects or suicide victims has been noted by others as well (Isometsa et al 1994;Marzuk et al 1995;Oquendo et al 1999).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Cellular changes in the postmortem hippocampus in major depression

Stockmeier

Mahajan

Konick

et al. 2004

Biological Psychiatry

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“…These studies of between 11 and 20 individuals report SRB prevalence rates of 9-12%. These rates are not remarkably different from those in individuals with TRD who have not undergone DBS (approximately 15%) (Isometsa et al 1994;Wulsin,Vaillant, and Wells 1999).. The impact of DBS on SRB warrants careful scrutiny in future trials, but the available evidence does not establish that DBS has increased the rate of these events over and above the baseline rate in TRD.…”

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confidence: 93%