Suicide in Asia: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Prevention

Khan, Murad Moosa; Syed, Ehsan Ullah

doi:10.1002/9781119998556.ch28

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…In addition to the Philippines, Muslim countries such as Iran, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey had relatively lower suicide rates (<6.5/100,000), with Iran having the lowest (male: 0.3/100,000; female: 0.1/100,000). Due to stigmatization and legal sanctions against suicide, under-reporting of suicide rates in these Muslim countries may partly contribute to the extremely low rate [ 6 , 10 ]. Overall, majority of the Asian countries had lower male-to-female suicide gender ratios (<2.0) compared to their western counterparts [ 7 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The agents used in poisoning suicide in Asia differ prominently from those in Western countries. On top of pesticide poisoning, yellow oleander seeds used in Sri Lanka [ 93 ] and aluminium phosphide poisoning in some areas of India and Pakistan [ 6 , 22 ] are unheard of in Western countries. Variations of suicide methods within Asia are also prominent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, Asian countries are not homogenous under the “Asia umbrella”. They vary greatly in terms of religious, socio-cultural, economic, and legal backgrounds [ 3 , 6 , 7 ]. Within Asia, suicide methods vary across countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Suicide Methods in Asia: Implications in Suicide Prevention

Chen

Yip

2012

IJERPH

147

114

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As the largest continent in the World, Asia accounts for about 60% of World suicides. Preventing suicide by restricting access to suicide methods is one of the few evidence-based suicide prevention strategies. However, there has been a lack of systematic exploration of suicide methods in Asian countries. To amend this shortage, the current review examines the leading suicide methods in different Asian countries, their trend, their age- and sex- specific characteristics, and their implications for suicide prevention. In total, 42 articles with leading suicide methods data in 17 Asian countries/regions were retrieved. The epidemiologic characteristics and recent trends of common suicide methods reflect specific socio-cultural, economic, and religious situations in the region. Common suicide methods shift with the introduction of technologies and constructions, and have specific age- or sex-characteristics that may render the restriction of suicide methods not equally effective for all sex and age sub-groups. Charcoal burning, pesticide poisoning, native plant poisoning, self-immolation, and jumping are all prominent examples. In the information society, suicide prevention that focuses on suicide methods must monitor and control the innovation and spread of knowledge and practices of suicide “technologies”. It may be more cost-effective to design safety into technologies as a way of suicide prevention while there is no rash of suicides yet by the new technologies. Further research on suicide methods is important for public health approaches to suicide prevention with sensitivity to socio-cultural, economic, and religious factors in different countries.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Suicide Methods in Asia: Implications in Suicide Prevention

Chen

Yip

2012

IJERPH

147

114

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“…Moreover, 20% of Asian countries tend not to collect national statistics on suicide and do not report to the WHO. Research on suicide needs to be scaled up to inform policy makers to developing culturally relevant suicide prevention strategies in Asia [56]. Overall suicide occurs variably throughout the lifespan (Table 3) and, hence, larger epidemiological samples with various age groups need to be selected to exactly identify suicide patterns across the world.…”

Section: Epidemiological Trendsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological Trend, Risk Factors, Prevention and Treatment Strategies of Self-directed Violent Behavior: A Critical Appraisal of Relevant Literature

Qureshi

Alduraihem

Aldosari

et al. 2020

JAMMR

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Background: Suicide is an intentional fatal act of self-destruction and largely preventable phenomenon. Early Identification of suicide risk factors, proactive preventive steps and therapeutic interventions tend to reduce robustly its epidemiological trends including associated high mortality around the world. Objective: This review study aimed to critically describe the identified potential risk factors underlying suicide together with a specific focus on its relevant preventive and management strategies. Methods: A selective e-searches of Google Scholar, PubMed/MEDLINE and Science Direct of relevant English literature (2000-2019) was conducted by using keywords and Boolean operators, and following exclusion and inclusion criteria included 115 most influential articles for this critical review. Results: Suicide is a global preventable phenomenon determined by multiple interconnected risk factors and mechanisms embedded in several levels; population (indigenous people and social media), individual (distal predisposing factors), developmental (mediating factors) and proximal (precipitating factors). Evidently suicide needs multimodal intervention approach in terms of universal, selective and indicated prevention. Conclusion: Suicide is a global heterogeneous phenomenon and needs continuing concerted efforts of multidisciplinary health team and multi-sector stakeholders because its risk pathways and protective factors dynamically changes overtime across the world.

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“…Increasing rates of overweight and obesity in Asian countries such as China have paralleled increasing rates of obesity-related diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, and cancer (1)(2)(3). Thus, screening for overweight and obesity is an important preventive approach.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of childhood and adolescent environmental exposure to a westernized environment on the relation between body mass index and adiposity in young Asian American women

Wang

Crespi

2011

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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Background: Asians who have a healthy body mass index (BMI) range have been observed to have higher levels of obesity and risk of cardiovascular disease than whites, which suggests that the relation between BMI and adiposity may be different for Asians. Objective: The primary aim of this study was to investigate the influence of childhood and adolescent exposure to a westernized environment on the relation between BMI and percentage body fat in young Asian American women. Design: Secondary data from 129 Asian women, aged 20-25 y, with variable lengths of residence in the United States and 327 white women of comparable ages who had participated in the Latina and Asian Bone Health Study (1999)(2000) and the Berkeley Bone Health Study (1998)(1999)(2000), respectively, were analyzed by using multiple linear regression with percentage body fat as the outcome variable and place of birth, ethnicity, length of US residency, and BMI as predictor variables. Results: Asians who lived in the United States ,12 y showed the same relation between BMI and percentage body fat as did whites. In contrast, Asians who had lived in the United States 12 y had higher percentage body fat than did whites for BMIs (in kg/m 2 ) ,20.5 and lower percentage body fat for BMIs in the overweight and obese range. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that childhood environments may influence the relation between BMI and adiposity. Research is warranted on the role that childhood environments play in the accumulation and distribution of body fat and hence metabolic disease risk later in life.Am J Clin Nutr 2011;93(suppl):1168S-74S.

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Suicide in Asia: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Prevention

Cited by 8 publications

References 63 publications

Suicide Methods in Asia: Implications in Suicide Prevention

Suicide Methods in Asia: Implications in Suicide Prevention

Epidemiological Trend, Risk Factors, Prevention and Treatment Strategies of Self-directed Violent Behavior: A Critical Appraisal of Relevant Literature

The influence of childhood and adolescent environmental exposure to a westernized environment on the relation between body mass index and adiposity in young Asian American women

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