Suicide in African American Adolescents: Understanding Risk by Studying Resilience

Robinson, W. LaVome; Whipple, Christopher R.; Keenan, Kate; Flack, Caleb E.; Wingate, LaRicka R.

doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-072220-021819

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 96 publications

(97 reference statements)

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“…Factors protecting against suicide in young people remain poorly understood. Family cohesion, increased access to care, faith/spiritual factors, cognitive flexibility and emotion regulation skills, and strong interpersonal relationships have been identified as conferring protection against suicidal behavior in young people 1136373839. Although negative aspects of the internet/social media have generated concern, potential positive aspects such as connection, reduced isolation, and community may prove to be protective 40.…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Suicide in young people: screening, risk assessment, and intervention

Hughes

Horowitz

Ackerman

et al. 2023

BMJ

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Suicide is the fourth leading cause of death among young people worldwide and the third leading cause of death among those in the US. This review outlines the epidemiology of suicide and suicidal behavior in young people. It discusses intersectionality as an emerging framework to guide research on prevention of suicide in young people and highlights several clinical and community settings that are prime targets for implementation of effective treatment programs and interventions aimed at rapidly reducing the suicide rate in young people. It provides an overview of current approaches to screening and assessment of suicide risk in young people and the commonly used screening tools and assessment measures. It discusses universal, selective, and indicated evidence based suicide focused interventions and highlights components of psychosocial interventions with the strongest evidence for reducing risk. Finally, the review discusses suicide prevention strategies in community settings and considers future research directions and questions challenging the field.

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Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Suicide in young people: screening, risk assessment, and intervention

Hughes

Horowitz

Ackerman

et al. 2023

BMJ

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“…Researchers measuring suicidal ideation, depressive symptoms, social support, and resilience need to consider socioecological and cultural differences that are unique to Chinese adolescents compared to those of other racial and ethnic backgrounds. 33 This sample of undergraduates is not nationally representative. The data was made available through the Mental Health Center assessing the mental health of undergraduates during the COVID-19 epidemic at a university.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 48 Resilience is the process of effectively coping with uncertainty during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the enhancement of resilience may reduce the risk of suicide. 48 There are gender differences in suicide and resilience among adolescents, 33 as girls are twice as likely as boys to be diagnosed with depressive symptoms that may be life-threatening. 19 This study found that male undergraduates had a higher risk of suicidal ideation, though another study found that female adolescents had a higher risk of suicidal ideation among 5,175 Chinese adolescents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Suicidal ideation is complex, and the pathways for prevention have multiple challenges. A lower level of social support may be linked to suicidal ideation, and while the direct and indirect pathways between social support and suicidal ideation are not known, 33 yet they thrive. This study provides a conceptual framework ( Figure 1 ), and proposes the following hypotheses: 1) a direct pathway may exist from social support to suicidal ideation; 2) resilience may mediate the pathways from social support to suicidal ideation; 3) depressive symptoms may mediate the pathways from social support to suicidal ideation; 4) social support may indirectly influence suicidal ideation through the sequential mediation of resilience and depressive symptoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Resilience and Depressive Symptoms Mediated Pathways from Social Support to Suicidal Ideation Among Undergraduates During the COVID-19 Campus Lockdown in China

Zhang¹,

Liu²,

Mi³

et al. 2022

PRBM

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The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly affected people's mental health. The direct and indirect pathways between social support and suicidal ideation in the period are still unclear. This study explores the pathways from social support to suicidal ideation through resilience and depressive symptoms among undergraduates during the COVID-19 campus lockdown. Methods: During two weeks of the COVID-19 campus lockdown, a total of 12,945 undergraduates at a university in eastern China completed the questionnaire including sociodemographic characteristics, suicidal ideation, social support, resilience, and depressive symptoms. A structural equation modeling (SEM) approach was used to analyze the direct and indirect pathways from social support to suicidal ideation via the mediators of resilience and depressive symptoms. Results: Of the 12,917 undergraduates included in this study, 7.4% (n = 955) reported they sometimes had suicidal ideation, 0.8% (n = 109) reported they often had suicidal ideation, 0.9% (n = 122) reported they always had suicidal ideation, and 13.2% (n = 1704) reported they had depressive symptoms. Social support exerted significant direct (β = −0.058), indirect (β = −0.225), and total (β = −0.283) effects on suicidal ideation; 20.5% of the total effect was direct, and 79.5% was indirect. Social support predicted suicidal ideation through resilience (β = −0.038), and depressive symptoms (β = −0.087), explaining 13.4%, and 30.7% of the total effect, respectively. Social support predicted suicidal ideation through the sequential mediation of resilience and depressive symptoms (β = −0.099), explaining 35.0% of the total effect. Conclusion: This is the first study to provide the evidence of pathways from social support to suicidal ideation through resilience and depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 campus lockdown among undergraduates in China. Both direct and indirect pathways from social support to suicidal ideation were identified as intervention targets to reduce suicidal ideation.

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“…Due to systemic and structural racism, African American adolescents contend with an array of unique contextual risk‐factors for suicidal ideation over time (e.g., racial discrimination, community violence; Farrell et al, 2019; Madubata et al, 2022). Consequently, longitudinal patterns and predictors of ideation in these adolescents may differ from adolescents from other racial/ethnic backgrounds (Kim et al, 2019; Robinson et al, 2022). Further, because most African American adolescents will experience discrimination (Smith‐Bynum et al, 2014), and those living in urban, low‐resourced areas also frequently experience distinct contextual risk‐factors for ideation such as exposure to community violence (Copeland‐Linder et al, 2011; Richards et al, 2015), a relatively large proportion of African American youth may report suicidal ideation at some point during adolescence.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal patterns and predictors of suicidal ideation in African American adolescents

Whipple

Robinson

Flack

et al. 2023

American J of Comm Psychol

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Suicide rates among African American adolescents have increased dramatically. Suicidal ideation is associated with both suicide attempts and completions, thus understanding ideation patterns and predictors in African American adolescents is critical to informing prevention efforts. This study recruited 160 African American ninth grade students. Participants were those students randomized to the control condition of a randomized controlled preventive intervention. Of the 160 participants, 99 completed all assessment points and were included in latent transition analyses. We assessed participants four times: baseline then again at 6‐, 12‐, and 18‐month postbaseline. Constructs of interest for this study included suicidal ideation, depression, hopelessness, and community violence exposure. A 2‐class model (i.e., low ideation [LI] and high ideation [HI]) characterized ideation at each time point. A total of 86%–90% of participants were in the LI class in any given time point and 27.3% of participants were in the HI class at least once. Participants in the LI class tended to stay in that class, whereas those in the HI class often transitioned to the LI group. Depression and hopelessness, but not exposure to community violence, predicted HI class membership. Findings suggest that (a) most African American adolescents may experience suicide ideation at some point in time, (b) a concerning proportion of African American adolescents may experience high ideation, (c) high ideation is often time‐limited, and (d) depression and hopelessness predict high ideation.

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Suicide in African American Adolescents: Understanding Risk by Studying Resilience

Cited by 15 publications

References 96 publications

Suicide in young people: screening, risk assessment, and intervention

Suicide in young people: screening, risk assessment, and intervention

Resilience and Depressive Symptoms Mediated Pathways from Social Support to Suicidal Ideation Among Undergraduates During the COVID-19 Campus Lockdown in China

Longitudinal patterns and predictors of suicidal ideation in African American adolescents

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